Gujarat Board GSEB Solutions Class 11 English Second Language Unit 7 Read 2 First Aid Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
GSEB Std 11 English Textbook Solutions Unit 7 Read 2 First Aid (2nd Language)
GSEB Class 11 English First Aid Text Book Questions and Answers
Comprehension
1. Suppose you are given the job of collecting necessary things for a ‘first aid box’. What you will collect and include in it. Discuss with a friends.
Our first aid box will include
cotton, cotton pad, straps, antiseptic soap, antiseptic cream, dettol, burnol, iodex, some medicines for first aid, scissors.
2. Pick out the correct options:
Question 1.
It is very essential that an injured person receives first aid because…
(A) those who don’t receive first aid die.
(B) different wounds are treated differently.
(C) early treatment of any injured person generally makes sure he is safe.
(D) it makes the injured person comfortable.
Answer:
(C) early treatment of any injured person generally makes sure he is safe.
Question 2.
In case of severe burns, …
(A) give the injured person a lot of water to drink.
(B) put off giving water to the injured person.
(C) giving water to the injured person is unadvisable.
(D) pouring a lot of water helps hydrate the injured person.
Answer:
(D) pouring a lot of water helps hydrate the injured person.
Question 3.
Squeeze the nose between your thumb and forefinger in case of nosebleeds.
(A) True
(B) False
(C) Sometimes true
(D) False in some cases
Answer:
(A) True
Question 4.
It is necessary to wash the injured areas properly with antiseptic soap and water in case of…
(A) burns and bruises
(B) cuts and bite wounds
(C) sprains and bleeds
(D) snake bite and nosebleeds
Answer:
(B) cuts and bite wounds
Question 5.
A tourniquet helps in …….flow.
(A) reducing blood
(B) increasing blood
(C) complementing blood
(D) general blood
Answer:
(A) reducing blood
3. Prepare a check list for every type of injury.
| Burns: (1) Keep injured person confortable. (2) Take the injured person to hospital as soon as possible. (3) Give him/her a lot of water to drink. |
Cuts and Bruises: (1) Wash the wound well with an antiseptic soap and clean water. (2) Press a thick pad of gauze covered cotton on the wound till it stops bleeding. (3) Apply antiseptic cream and cover the wound with bandage. (4) Tie a tourniquet above the wound on hand or leg. |
| Sprains (1) Use icepacks to decrease the swelling. (2) Don’t let the joint be moved. (3) Apply a kind of bandage to support the joint and prevent movement. (4) Tie splints above and below the joint for support. |
Fractures (1) Do not move the injured person. (2) Place an icepack on the injured part to bring down swelling. (3) Use splints to not to let the broken bone shift. (4) Take the patient to a doctor immediately. |
| Bite wounds (1) Wash the wound with soap and water. (2) Take the patient immediately to a doctor. (3) For a venomous snake bite, do not allow the victim to move. (4) Let him lie down keeping the bitten part below the level of heart. (5) Tie the tourniquet above the bite. |
Nosebleeds (1) Ask the patient to lean forward slightly and breathe through mouth. (2) Pinch the nose between the thumb and the forefinger till the bleeding stops. |
Now, discuss the check lists you have made in class. Add points that you may have missed. Are there any points common between the check lists ?
Answer:
Most of the points are covered in the boxes given above.
4. Rita keeps getting hurt again and again. Read what Rita is saying and guess what
happened to her that day. You may have more than one answer.
5. State whether true or false:
(1) All Injuries can more or less be treated in the same way. – False
(2) In case of bite wounds, make sure you know what has bitten the injured person. – True
(3) A tourniquet is used in case of fractures. – False
(4) A splint is used in case of cuts and wounds. – False
(5) Bind any wound only with gauze and medical or sterilized bandages. – True
(6) Make sure that only a trained medical person provides first aid to the victim. – False
Vocabulary
1. Tick mark the word which can be best replaced with the underlined words:
(1) The hotter the food Is. the more molecules will be released while chewing.
[ ] particles
[✓] atoms
[ ] properties
[ ] element
(2) Bees buzzed around the aromatic apple blossoms.
[ ] fetid
[✓] fragrant
[ ] burning
[ ] garlic
(3) With the help of olfaction system. we may have the rich savour of the tasty dishes.
[✓] Sense of smell
[ ] Sense of sight
[ ] Sense of touch
[ ] Sense of hearing
(4) Our varieties of beverages Include Jaijeera aamras, etc.
[ ] tastes
[ ] smells
[✓] drinks
[ ] sniffs
(5) This excellent time-saving contrivance has also been used In Gill’s apparatus for speedy measurement.
[ ] contract
[ ] contrast
[✓] device
[ ] conspiracy
(6) Whether he arrives for the next meeting Is yet tentative.
[✓] uncertain
[ ] sensitive
[ ] tantalizing
[ ] fixed
(7) This evidence points to the conjecture that they were part of Mediterranean race.
[✓] assumption
[ ] conjunction
[ ] connective
[ ] doubt
2. Tick mark the word the most opposite in meaning:
(1) fragrant:
[ ] ambrosial
[ ] delectable
[ ] odoriferous
[✓] stinking
(2) Immune:
[ ] protected
[ ] privileged
[ ] unaffected
[✓] receptive
(3) savoury:
[✓] distasteful
[ ] delicious
[ ] pleasing
[ ] yummy
(4) differentIate:
[ ] separate
[ ] discriminate
[✓] associate
[ ] extricate
(5) acute:
[ ] Ingenious
[✓] imperceptive
[ ] sensitive
[ ] mense
3. Fill the blanks with the most appropriate words from the given four options:
(1) The olfactory Is not like the sense of touch. It contradicts the sense of sight and hearing as far as distance and close contact is concerned. (vision, contradicts. resembles, olfactory)
(2) In humans, the sense of sight is far better than the sense of smell for long distance purposes. (sense of sight, sense of smell, sense of touch, sense of hearing)
(3) Olfactory capacity cannot be outdone by any contrivance. (machine, be outdone, replaced. olfactory)
(4) When a person has cold, olfactory receptors deaden. So the person thinks that his sense of smell has decreased. (sense of taste,deaden, enlivens, sense of smell)
4. Fill the crossword boxes with the help of cross keys. The number of letters is mentioned in the brackets:
Across Keys:
1. A bacterial disease marked by rigidity and spasm of the voluntary muscles (7)
2. A flexible strap or belt used in the form of a loop to support or raise a hanging weight (5)
3. Help given to a sick or injured person until
full medical treatment is availabe (5 + 3)
4. Inflammation or other discomfort in a body 1 part caused by reaction to any substance (7)
5. A strip of rigid material used for supporting and immobilizing a broken bone when it has been set (6)
6. A cord or tight bandage to stop the flow of I blood from wound (10)
7. To happen, to take place (5)
5. Match A — B and frame a sentence using both of those words:
| Part A | Part B | Sentences |
| bite | olfactory | A bite of a venomous snake can cause serious problems. |
| first aid | tourniquet | First aid is necessary for an injured person. |
| injection | venomous | Injection of Tetanus is given in case of severe bleeding. |
| bleeding | injured person | Bleeding can be prevented by a Tourniquet. |
| fragrant | sprains | Fragrant smell is sensed by olfactory receptors. |
| splints | tetanus | Splints prevent movements of joints in sprains. |
6. Read the sentence and tick the option that best conveys its meaning:
Question 1.
Use splints to make sure that the broken bone does not shift.
A. Splints support broken bones.
B. Splints keep the broken bones steady at their place.
C. Splints make sure the shift of broken bones.
Answer:
B. Splints keep the broken bones steady at their place.
Question 2.
By tasting alone, you can hardly differentiate between the food you love and the food you dislike.
A. Tasting can differentiate the food you like or dislike.
B. It’s hard to differentiate the food you like or dislike.
C. Without the help of olfactory receptors the real savour of the food cannot be experienced.
Answer:
C. Without the help of olfactory receptors the real savour of the food cannot be experienced.
Question 3.
The higher the temperature of a substance Is, the more molecules are given off and intense odours are felt.
A. Cold food seems to be more savoury.
B. Hot food seems to be more savoury.
C. Intense odours become more powerful in hot temperature.
Answer:
C. Intense odours become more powerful in hot temperature.
Question 4.
Women have more acute sense of smell than men have.
A. A woman can better smell anything than a man.
B. Females are more fragrant than males.
C. Women can experience foul smells more than men.
Answer:
A. A woman can better smell anything than a man.
Question 5.
Although some human senses can be outdone by mechanical devices, smell cannot.
A. We have cameras, microphones, speakers, touch screens, but we don’t have any machine which can smell.
B. Smell is not as much simple sense as other human senses.
C. Smell is a complex sense.
Answer:
A. We have cameras, microphones, speakers, touch screens, but we don’t have any machine which can smell.
7. The Senses:
In two groups, write three or four short sentences for each of these things to describe how they look, taste, smell, feel or sound, e.g. It tastes sweet. It feels sticky.
concrete, sandpaper, hair, diamond, clown, lemon, baby, brick, ice cream, porridge, curry, garlic, roses, raw fish, antiques
sour, cold, silly, hard, bitter, tasty, spicy, sweet, smooth, soft, fresh, nice, oily, dusty, disgusting, hot, cute, beautiful, exciting, loud
concrete: It looks dusty. It feels hard,
sandpaper: It feels rough / dusty
hair: It looks oily. It feels smooth
diamond: It feels hard, It looks beautiful/ exciting.
clown : He looks silly.
lemon: It tastes sour. It looks round.
baby : It looks cute.
brick: It feels cold. It looks dusty.
ice cream: It tastes sweet. It feels cold.
porridge: It feels hot. It tastes tasty.
curry: It looks spicy. It tastes hot.
garlic : It tastes bitter.
roses: They look beautiful. They feel smooth, raw fish: It smells strongly bad / stinks.
antiques : They look gorgeous.
Take turns to read out a description for the other group to guess what you are describing.
Work on your own. Write a description of two things and see if the class can guess what they are.
Guess what I am describing here:
- It looks black. It sounds harsh. – crow
- It looks white. It feels soft. It tastes sour. – curd
- It looks red. It tastes hot. – chilli
- It looks like a box. It sounds melodious. – harmonium
- It looks round. It tastes sweet or sour. – orange
Function
1. Read the dialogue:
Kavita : Hey Sanjana. where are you going? Are you going to school with Pooja?
Sanjana : NeIther Pooja nor I am going. Look, I have an envelope In my hand. Now guess.
Kavita : Hmmm … you are going either to the post office or to a courier.
Sanjana : Yes, I’m going to the post office. But this Is not your scooter. Is It Jinal’s or Minal’s?
Kavtta : Neither of them. Look at the plastic cover. It’s my new scooter. My mother bought It for me.
Sanjana : If you don’t mind, can we go to the post office on your scooter? Mmm …are you worried?
Kavita : No, I’m neither worried nor displeased. I’m just fine. But we would rather first go to my home and then go to the post office. Is it okay?
Sanjana : Quite Okay.
2. Fill in the blanks using words given in the brackets:
(or, either… or, neither… nor)
Pooja : Where will you go tomorrow ? Abu or Ambaji.
Parul : Neither to Ambaji nor to Abu. I will go to Saputara.
Pooja : With papa or mom ?
Parul : With neither of them, I will go with my friends.
Pooja : How will you go there ? By car or by motor-cycle ?
Parul : No, I will go there either by bus or by train. It is safe.
3. Put [C] for correct and [I] incorrect sentence:
(1) Either Arti or Shivani study in this college. [I]
(2) Neither of your friends are ready to come with you. [C]
(3) The lift was stuck. It couldn’t go up, nor could it go down. [C]
(4) We will go either to the cafe or to the restaurant. We will stay here. [I]
(5) Either of you is playing. [I]
4. Answer the questions using options either… or and neither… nor :
Example:
With which actor would you like to dine?
Answer:
1. I would like to dine neither with Salman Khan nor with Shah Rukh Khan.
2. I would like to dine either with Amitabh Bachchan or with Amir Khan.
Question 1.
Which game would you like to play on Sunday ?
Answer:
1. I would like to play neither ‘kho-kho’ nor ‘kabaddi’.
2. I would like to play either cricket or hockey.
Question 2.
Which hotel do you usually go for refreshment ?
Answer:
1. I Usually go neither to Anand’ nor to ‘Sahyog’ for refreshment.
2. I usually go either to ‘Mehta’ or to ‘Manoranjan’ for refreshment.
Question 3.
Who helps you in your critical situation ?
Answer:
1. Neither my brother nor my sister helps me in my critical situation.
2. Either my neighbour or my close friend helps me in my critical situation.
Question 4.
How would you like to travel ?
Answer:
1. I would like to travel neither by bus nor by local train.
2. I would like to travel either by a hired taxi or by my own car.
Question 5.
With whom do you prefer to watch a movie ?
Answer:
1. I prefer to watch a movie neither with my classmates nor with my friends.
2. I prefer to watch a movie either with my parents or with my cousins.
Question 6.
With whom do you like to go on an island ?
Answer:
1. I like to go on an island neither with my parents nor with my cousins.
2. I like to go on an island either with my close friend or with my classmate.
Question 7.
Where will you celebrate your next birthday ?
Answer:
1. I will celebrate my next birthday neither at my city residence nor at any hotel.
2. I will celebrate my next birthday either at my native place or at any religious place.
5. Study the table and write at least two sentences for each item:
| No. | Item | Prefer | Don’t prefer |
| 1. | Food | Punjabi, Chinese |
panipuri, bhel |
| 2. | Game | football, basketball |
cricket, hockey |
| 3. | Place | Ambaji, Somnath |
Delhi, Mumbai |
| 4. | Occupation | teacher, doctor | broker, clerk |
| 5. | Vehicle | bus, train | scooter, car |
Example:
1. Ami will order either Punjabi food or Chinese food.
2. Ami will order neither ‘panipuri’ nor ‘bhel’.
(1)
1. Rupesh will prefer to play either football or basketball.
2. Rupesh will prefer neither cricket nor hockey.
(2)
1. In the vacation, I will go either to Ambaji or to Somnath.
2. In the vacation, I will go neither to Delhi nor to Mumbai.
(3)
1. I would like to become either a teacher or a doctor.
2. I would like neither to become a broker nor a clerk.
(4)
1. I would rather travel either by bus or by train.
2. I would travel neither by scooter nor by car.
6. It Ask your friend what he/she prefers/ likes /wishes and write him/her answer using either… or and neither … nor. Discuss them in the class.
(1) I : Would you like to take up science stream or commerce stream?
Rutika : I would take up neither science stream nor commerce stream. I would go for Arts.
(2) I : Do you like to take ice cream or chocolate? Roshan: I would take neither ice cream nor chocolate as I don’t want to increase my weight.
7. There are endings of some sentences in the table. Write them down and add a beginning using look, seem, taste or feel, e.g.,
…………… but in fact he’s quite young.
He looks old, but in fact he’s quite young.
(1) … but in fact it’s good for you.
(2) … but in fact he’s a big softy really.
(3) … but in fact my temperature’s normal.
(4) … but in fact cats love it.
(5) … but in fact it tastes okay.
(6) … but in fact it’s extremely dangerous.
(7) … but in fact he’s quite nice.
(8) … but in fact she’s not really.
(9) … but in fact he looks calm and relaxed.
(10) … but in fact it really goes fast.
(1) You do not like jogging but in fact it’s good for you.
(2) He wants to replace his softy with mine but in fact he’s a big softy really.
(3) You think I have fever but in fact my temperature’s normal.
(4) It is said that cats hate curd but in fact cats love it.
(5) Some feel that it tastes sour, but in fact it tastes okay.
(6) The stunt seems to be very easy, but in fact it’s extremely dangerous.
(7) He looks to be very strict, but in fact he’s quite nice.
(8) She looks to be very kind, but in fact she’s not really.
(9) He looks to be in great tension, but in fact he looks calm and relaxed.
(10) The train looks to be going slow from a distance but in fact it really goes fast.
Compare your ideas with a partner.
Work together to write another two endings and pass them to the next pair. Add beginnings to the ones you receive.
Endings sent to the next pair:
(1)… but in fact you should drive carefully.
(2)… but in fact she should say ‘sorry’ for it.
Beginnings received from the pair:
(1) It was not my fault. He rammed into my bike coming from the wrong side…
(2) She went on arguing that she had not used those bad words intentionally…
My opinion:
Work in three teams. Take a set of three adjectives. Use these adjectives with a gerund to write sentences, e.g., stupid – Entering a one-way street is stupid.
- tiring, boring, stressful
- dangerous, exciting, unhealthy
- illegal, healthy, relaxing
Team 1:
1. tiring – Waiting for a long time is tiring.
2. boring -Your talking too much is boring for many.
3. stressful – Driving along busy streets in a city is stressful.
Team 2 :
1. dangerous – Imitating the stunts shown in movies is dangerous.
2. exciting –Watching a football match on TV is very exciting.
3. unhealthy – Taking our meals without washing hands is unhealthy.
Team 3 :
1. illegal – Entering somebody’s premises without his permission is illegal.
2. healthy – Taking fruits regularly keeps us healthy.
3. relaxing – Taking hot-water bath after a lot of fatigue is relaxing.
Writing
1. The Prime Minister of India visited your city yesterday. Read the following programme and draft a report on it for press:
| Time | Programme |
| 11:00 am | Arrival at the airport |
| 11:15 am | Tea with the C. M. at circuit house |
| 11:30 am | Inauguration of Khel Mahakumbh |
| 12:30 pm | Opening of Metro Station |
| 1:30 pm | Lunch with the dignitaries |
| 2:30 pm | Visit of your school and interaction with students The interaction included the following points : 1. Guard of Honour by NCC Cadets 2. Importance of cleanliness 3. Skill-based education 4. Make in India 5. Kanya Kelavani 6. Contribution of students in making India Vishwaguru |
| 3:30 pm | Departure |
Answer:
Report on the Itinerary of P. M.’s Visit
April 4, 2018
The Prime Minister of India will land at the domestic airport sharp at 11.00 am. The Chief Minister and some other cabinet ministers will go to the airport to receive him. He will directly drive to the circuit house. There he will have tea with other dignitaries at 11.15 am.
Soon he will be led for the inauguration of Khel Mahakumbh at 11.30 am. There he will address the participants and others in the audience followed by the introductory speeches by the Chief Minister and the State Minister of sports.
After his speech, he will leave for the opening of Metro rail station. After the inauguration formality, he will squeeze time to address the huge gathering there. Then he will have lunch with other dignitaries. There he will spare a little time after lunch to talk on some burning issues of the state. At 2.30 he will visit our school. On his arrival, Guard of Honour will be given to him by NCC cadets.
Then he will have interaction with the students of our school and those specially invited from some other leading schools of the city on the following points :
1. Importance of cleanliness
2. Skill-based Education
3. Make in India programme
4. Kanya Kelavani
5. Contribution of students in making India Vishwaguru.
2. After this session with students in our school, he will leave for the airport and at 3.30 pm. as scheduled, he will leave for Delhi. The chart shows the time spent by Jill for different activities during the day. Study it and write ten sentences to explain it.
Percentage of time spent by Jill
Answer:
Jill Is a student of std. XI. She sleeps for 8 hours. She spends 5 hours after her daily routine. She has to spend 6 hours at school. She
Is also fond of playing and she plays for 2 hours. She is fond of watching TV too and spends one full hour watching it. She is a little ambitious about her career, too. Now spending only 2 hours after reading is too little. She needs to squeeze time from her sleep, daily routine and playing.
3. As a Secretary of The School Cultural Club, write a notice for your school notice board inviting students to give their names for A TALENT HUNT COMPETITION.
Don’t miss the chance! Show off Your Talent
April 4, 2019
Our Cultural Club is holding a Talent Hunt Competition on April 17, Thursday. It’s a great opportunity to show off your hidden talent. The winners will be sent forward for state level competition. Enlist your names latest by April 8 with Mr Pritesh Patel, our Sports teacher.
Aarav Parikh
Secretary,
Cultural Club
Smt. P. B. D. Joshi High School.
Activity
The government has prescribed some safety measures for every school. Think about your school and answer these questions as a class. Prepare a report on the Disaster Readiness of your school.
Disaster Readiness Questionnaire:
- What is the number of students in your school?
- What is the width of staircase ? Is it sufficient if there is some threat ?
- How long does it take the school to empty when the school is over for the day?
- Have you ever done mock-drill ?
- What are the probabilities of fire in your school ?
- Are there any fire extinguishers in your school?
- Have you ever checked them?
- Have they been ever-renewed ?
[Note: To be done by students.]
1. Short Notes
Write a short note focussing on the questions:
First Aid-an Immediate Medical Help
(1) What is ‘First Aid’ ?
(2) How does ‘First Aid’ help us ?
(3) What precaution should we take before giving first aid ?
(4) How can first aid be imparted in different injuries ?
Answer:
‘First Aid’ is the immediate medical help to an injured person before he or she is taken to the hospital. First Aid help to make sure i that the injured person is safe and comfortable till a doctor can help.
Before giving ‘First Aid’ we should wash our hands well with soap and water to prevent germs from entering wounds, Different injuries are treated differently with ‘First Aid’: In burns, we should pour cold water on the area for 20-30 minutes. It will help relieve the pain.
If there are no open blisters, we can l apply antibiotic ointment and cover it with a dry 5 bandage. In cuts and bruises, we should wash the wound well with antiseptic soap. If bleeding continues, we can press a thick pad of gauze covered with cotton.
In case of a deep bleeding wound on the hand or leg, we should tie a cloth s tightly a little above the wound, i.e., tourniquet. In case of fractures, we can use splints not to make the broken bone move. In sprains, we can put a kind of bandage to support the joint to prevent movement.
In animal bites, the wound should be washed well with soap and water and be taken to the doctor. In case of venomous bite, a tourniquet a little above the wound is advise to prevent the spread of the venom.
In case of nosebleeds, the patient should be made to lean forward slightly and allowed to breathe through the mouth. His nose should be pinched for about 10 minutes until the bleeding stops.
Reading Comprehension
Read the extracts and answer the questions:
(1) Burns are caused by fire, boiling water, steam, firecrackers, some chemicals or hot objects. Burns can be very painful and cause a lot of damage if they are not treated properly. First, remove clothing which covers the burnt skin.
Then pour cold water on that area for ‘ several minutes. Soaking the burnt part in cool water for 20-30 minutes will help relieve pain. Anaesthetic skin sprays and creams may cause an allergic reaction. If there are no open blisters, apply antibiotic treatment and cover it with a dry bandage. Do not use butter,ghee, petroleum jelly or ice.
Questions:
(1) What are burns caused by ?
(2) “Do not use butter, ghee, petroleum jelly or ice.” (Rewrite the sentence using ‘refrain from’.)
Answer:
(1) Burns are caused by fire, boiling water, steam, firecrackers, some chemicals or hot objects.
(2) Refrain from using butter, ghee, petroleum jelly or ice.
(2) Sometimes, joints like the ankle or wrist get twisted. The joint swells up and is very painful. This is called a sprain. When a joint is sprained, use ice packs to decrease the swelling.Do not let the joint be moved. Ask an adult to apply a kind of bandage that will support the joint and prevent movement. (You can use splints to make sure the joint does not move-tie the splints above and below the joint.)
Questions :
(1) What is a sprain ?
(2) When a joint is sprained, use to decrease the swelling.
(a) boiling water
(b) ointment
(c) ice packs
Answer:
(1) When joints get twisted, they swell up. This is called sprain.
(2) When a joint is sprained, use ice packs to decrease the swelling.
(3) A nosebleed can occur due to an accident, irritation or dryness of the lining of the nose, allergy, cold, heat or something stuck in the nose. Ask the patient to lean forward slightly and breathe through the mouth. Pinch the nose between the thumb and forefinger for about 10 minutes or until the bleeding stops. Put an ice-cube or an ice-candy in the mouth, the cold will slow blood flow to the nose.
Questions:
(1) Find words in the passage which mean :
(a) take place
(b) cause discomfort
(2) What treatment should be given to a patient suffering from nose bleeding?
Answer:
(1)
- occur
- irritation
(2) The patient should be made to lean forward slightly and breathe through the mouth. Pinch the nose between the thumb and forefinger for about 10 minutes or until! the bleeding stops.
First Aid Summary in Gujarati
ઈજાગ્રસ્ત વ્યક્તિને હૉસ્પિટલ લઈ જતાં પહેલાં જે તાત્કાલિક વૈદકીય સારવાર આપવામાં આવે છે, તેને પ્રાથમિક સારવાર (સ્ટ એઇડ) કહેવાય છે. ડૉક્ટર આવી પહોંચે તે પહેલાં અપાતી આ સારવારે ઘણાના જીવ બચાવ્યા છે. પ્રાથમિક સારવાર આપતાં પહેલાં જીવાણુઓથી બચવા તમારા હાથ સાબુ અને પાણીથી ધોવા અત્યંત જરૂરી છે.
જુદી જુદી ઈજાઓ માટે અપાતી પ્રાથમિક સારવાર જુદી જુદી હોય છે. તેની સવિસ્તર નોંધ આ એકમમાં કરવામાં આવી છે.સખત રીતે દાઝી જનારને તાત્કાલિક હૉસ્પિટલમાં ખસેડવો અને પુષ્કળ પાણી પીવડાવવું. ઘા પડ્યો હોય કે છોલાયું હોય તો જેતુનાશક સાબુ અને પાણીથી ઘા ધોવો અને રૂનું પૂમડું તેના પર દબાવી લોહી વહેતું અટકાવવું. ઘાની ઉપરની બાજુએ હાથરૂમાલ બાંધી દેવો, જેથી લોહીનો પ્રવાહ ઓછો કરી શકાય. ડૉક્ટર પાસે લઈ જઈ ધનુરનું ઇજેક્શન અપાવવું. અસ્થિભંગના કેસમાં જે-તે ભાગ પર સોજો ન આવે તેથી બરફ (આઇસ પૈક) બાંધવો.
જે-તે ભાગનું હલનચલન ન થાય તે જોવું. મચકોડના કેસમાં પણ સોજો ઘટાડવા માટે આઇસ પૅક બાંધવો જરૂરી છે. સાંધાના ભાગને હલવા ન દેવો, તેના પર પાટો બાંધી દેવો. પ્રાણીઓના કરડવાના કેસમાં ઘાને સાબુ તથા પાણીથી સાફ કરવો અને કૂતરા કે બિલાડીના કરડવાથી થતા હડકવાથી બચવા ડૉક્ટર પાસે રસી મુકાવવી. સર્પદંશનાં કેસમાં દેશવાળો ભાગ હૃદયથી નીચેના લેવલ પર રહે તે રીતે રાખવો.
ઉપરના ભાગે કપડાની ચીંદરડી કે પાટો બાંધી દેવા અને દર્દીને તાત્કાલિક ડૉક્ટર પાસે લઈ જવો. નસકોરી ફૂટવાના કેસમાં આગળની બાજુ ઝુકાવીને મોંથી શ્વાસ લેવા કહેવું. નાકને અંગૂઠા અને આંગળીથી 10 મિનિટ જેટલું લોહી બંધ થાય ત્યાં સુધી) દબાવી રાખવું.
Glossary (શબ્દાર્થ)
ભાષાંતર
ઈજાગ્રસ્ત પુરુષ કે સ્ત્રીને હૉસ્પિટલમાં દાખલ કરતાં પહેલાં જે તાત્કાલિક વૈદકીય સહાય અપાય તેને પ્રાથમિક સારવાર કહે છે. –ડૉક્ટરની મદદ મળે ત્યાં સુધી ઈજાગ્રસ્ત વ્યક્તિ સલામત અને સ્વસ્થ હોય એ સુનિશ્ચિત કરવામાં પ્રાથમિક સારવાર મદદ કરે છે. ગંભીર અકસ્માતોની બાબતમાં, શરૂઆતના કલાક દરમિયાન આપવામાં આવેલી પ્રાથમિક સારવારે ઘણી વ્યક્તિઓના જીવ બચાવ્યા છે!
જુદી જુદી ઈજાઓને જુદી જુદી સારવાર અપાય છે. પ્રાથમિક સારવાર આપતાં પહેલાં તમારા હાથ સાબુ અને પાણી વડે બરાબર ધુઓ. આ સ્વચ્છતા) જીવાણુઓને ઘામાં પ્રવેશતાં રોકવા માટે(ની સાવધાની) છે. દાઝયાની ઈજા: આગ, ઊકળતું પાણી, વરાળ, ફટાકડા, કેટલાંક કેમિકલ્સ અને ગરમ પદાર્થોથી દાઝવાનું બને છે. જો આ દાઝયાને યોગ્ય રીતે સારવાર આપવામાં ન આવે, તો તે ખૂબ જ પીડાદાયક બને છે અને ઘણું નુકસાન પહોંચાડી શકે છે. સૌપ્રથમ, દાઝેલી ત્વચા પરનું વસ્ત્ર દૂર કરો.
પછી થોડીક મિનિટ્સ તે દાઝેલા ભાગ પર ઠંડું પાણી રેડો. 20થી 30 મિનિટ્સ દાઝેલા ભાગને ઠંડા પાણીમાં બોળી રાખતાં દર્દ ઓછું થઈ જશે. ત્વચાની સંવેદના ઓછી કરનાર એ અને ક્રીમથી માઠી અસર થઈ શકે. જો ફોલ્લા ન થઈ ગયા હોય, તો કોઈ પણ જીવાણુનાશક (ઍન્ટિસેપ્ટિક) દવા લગાડો અને ઉપર કોરો પાટો બાંધી દો.
માખણ, ઘી, પેટ્રોલિયમ જેલી કે બરફનો ઉપયોગ કરશો નહિ. ખૂબ જ ગંભીર દાઝવાની ઈજાઓમાં દર્દીને શક્ય તેટલા જલદી હૉસ્પિટલ લઈ જાઓ. દર્દીને પીવા માટે પુષ્કળ પાણી આપો. ઘા અને ઊઝરડાઃ નાના ઘાની બાબતમાં ચેપરોધક સાબુ તેમજ ચોખ્ખા પાણીથી ઘાને બરાબર ધુઓ. રૂના પૂમડાથી ઘાને કોરો કરો. (છતાંય) જો લોહી
(વહેવાનું) ચાલુ રહે, તો રૂ સાથેના જાળીદાર કપડાનો જાડો ડૂચો (પંડ) બનાવી લોહી વહેતું બંધ થાય ત્યાં સુધી ઘા પર દબાવી રાખો. (પછી) ઘા પર ચેપરોધક મલમ (ક્રીમ) લગાડો અને ઘાને આવરી લેતો પાટો બાંધી દો. જો ઘા ઊંડો હોય, તો તેને સાબુ અને પાણીથી સાફ કરો.
રૂ સાથેના જાળીદાર કપડાનો કે સાદા કપડાની ગાદી ઘા પર દબાવી – રાખો. જો હાથ કે પગ પરનો ઘા હોય અને તેમાંથી) લોહી વહેવાનું – ચાલુ હોય, તો કાપડનો પહોળો (મોટો) ટુકડો કે હાથરૂમાલનો ઉપયોગ – કરો. ઘાથી થોડેક ઉપર કપડાને ચુસ્તપણે બાંધી દો. તેને ટુર્નિકેટ – (રક્તસ્રાવ બંધ કરવા ધમનીને દબાવી રાખવાનો પાટો) કહેવાય છે.
સુનિશ્ચિત એ કરો કે પાટો અતિશય ચુસ્ત ન હોવો જોઈએ, કારણ – કે તેનાથી નુકસાન થવાનો સંભવ છે. તમે તે પાટા નીચેથી આંગળી – સરકાવી શકો તેટલો તે ઢીલો હોવો જોઈએ. દર્દીને તાત્કાલિક ડૉક્ટર : પાસે લઈ જાઓ. ડૉક્ટર તેને ધનુરથી બચવાનું ઇજેક્શન આપવાનું : વિચારી શકે. – અસ્થિભંગ: : કેટલાક અકસ્માતોમાં હાડકું તૂટી જાય છે. તેને અસ્થિભંગ કહે – : છે અને તે સખત પીડાદાયક હોય છે.
ઈજાગ્રસ્ત વ્યક્તિને (વધુ) હિલચાલ કરાવશો નહિ. સોજો ઓછો કરવા ઈજાગ્રસ્ત ભાગ પર : એક બરફની પોટલી (આઇસ પૈક) મૂકો. દર્દીને અસ્થિભંગવાળો હાથ કે પગ હલાવવો પડે નહિ તે જુઓ. તૂટેલું હાડકું (સાંધો) ખસી ન જાય તે માટે (પૂઠા, લાકડાની પટ્ટી કે ધાતુની પટ્ટીના) ટેકણિયાનો ઉપયોગ સુનિશ્ચિત કરો.
દર્દીને શક્ય એટલા જલદી ડૉક્ટર પાસે લઈ જાઓ. – મચકોડઃ – કેટલીક વાર, ઘૂંટણ કે કાંડા જેવા સાંધાઓ અમળાઈ (મચકોડાઈ) જાય છે. સાંધાઓ સૂઝી જાય છે અને તે અત્યંત પીડાકારક હોય છે તેને મચકોડ કહે છે. જ્યારે સાંધામાં મચકોડ આવ્યો હોય ત્યારે સોજો ઓછો કરવા માટે બરફની પોટલી(આઇસ પૈક)નો ઉપયોગ કરો. સાંધાને હલવા દેશો નહિ.
સાંધાને હલનચલન કરતો રોકવા અને ટેકો આપવા માટે (કોઈક) વડીલને પાટો બાંધવા કહો. (સાંધો હલી ન જાય એ માટે તમે ખપાટિયાનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકો છો. સાંધાની ઉપર અને નીચે ટેકણિયા બાંધો.) પ્રાણીઓનું કરડવું: કેટલીક વાર પ્રાણીઓનું કરડવું ભયજનક હોઈ શકે. કૂતરાં કે બિલાડાં જેવાં પાણીઓના મોંમાં ઘણા પ્રકારના જીવાણુઓ હોય છે. આ પ્રાણીઓના કરડવાથી હડકવા જેવા રોગ થઈ શકે છે.
ધાને સાબુ અને પાણીથી બરાબર સાફ કરો. દર્દીને તાત્કાલિક | ડૉક્ટર પાસે લઈ જાઓ. હડકવા રોકવા ડૉક્ટર કેટલાંક ઇજેક્શન્સ આપશે. ગુજરાતના મોટા ભાગના સાપ બિનઝેરી છે. ઝેરી સાપ કરડવાના કેસમાં પીડિતને હલનચલન કરવા દેશો નહિ, કારણ કે આમ કરતાં ઝેર
આખા શરીરમાં ઝડપથી પ્રસરી જશે. કરડાયેલો ભાગ હૃદયથી નીચલા લેવલે રહે તે રીતે દર્દીને સુવાડો. ઝેર ફેલાતું રોકવા માટે કરડાયેલા ભાગની ઉપરના ભાગમાં પટ્ટો કે કાપડની પટ્ટી (ટૂનિકેટ) બાંધી દો. દર્દીને શક્ય એટલા જલદી ડૉક્ટર પાસે લઈ જાઓ. નસકોરી ફૂટવીઃઅકસ્માત, ખંજવાળ, નાકના અંદરના ભાગની ચામડી સૂકી પડી ગઈ હોય (આળી થઈ ગઈ હોય), (કોઈ) આડઅસર (હોય), ઠંડી, ગરમી કે નાકમાં કાંઈક ફસાઈ ગયું હોય આવાં કારણોસર નસકોરી ફૂટી શકે છે.દર્દીને આગળના ભાગે ઝૂકવાનું અને મોં વડે શ્વાસ લેવાનું કહો.
લોહી નીકળતું બંધ ન થાય ત્યાં સુધી લગભગ 10 મિનિટ સુધી નાકને અંગૂઠા અને તર્જની વચ્ચે રાખી દબાવી રાખો. (દર્દીના) મોંમાં બરફનો ટુકડો કે આઇસ-કૅન્ડી મૂકો, આ ઠંડક નાક તરફના લોહીના પ્રવાહને ધીમો પાડશે.