Gujarat BoardĀ GSEB Solutions Class 12 English Second Language Unit 5 Read 1 Ants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
GSEB Std 12 English Textbook Solutions Unit 5 Read 1 Ants (2nd Language)
GSEB Class 12 English Ants Text Book Questions and Answers
Comprehension
Underline three sentences and three phrases that gave you a sense of wonder.
(1) While some were carrying up bits of insects, the others went in front and cleared away any sand or small stone that obstructed the way.
(2) The ants at the top (of the anthill) began climing down into the pit backward, each holding the tail end of another ant in front. In this way an ant-chain was soon formed.
(3) The umbrella ants take large pieces of leaf to their nests, where they chew them up nicely and make beds of these chewed leaves, on which fungus grows which acts as food for the ants.
Phrases :
- Ants carrying large pieces of leaf over their heads like umbrella.
- Ants take greenflies, milk them, pressing their sides gently making them give out their honey.
- The black ants have to carry their masters on their backs. How surprisingly human!
2. Tick mark the information about the ants described in this Read.
[ ā ] Ants are miserable.
[ ā ] They work as a group.
[ ā ] Ants do not work in winter.
[ ā ] They follow their masterās order.
[ ā ] There are different types of throughout the world.
[ ā ] Ants can climb the Everest too.
[ ā ] Different ants have different characteristics.
[ ā ] Some ants are blind.
[ ā ] Some ants live life of slaves.
3. Ants are similar to human beings because…
(1) Intelligence of these tiny creatures is very close to human beings.
(2) Like human beings, the ants do farming by growing fungus on the beds prepared from leaves.
(3) They can accomplish a difficult task with mutual co-operation.
(4) The ants rear the greenflies and āmilkā them pressing their sides making them give out honey. Here the greenflies act as ācowsā and honey is like āmilkā. So similar to human beings the ants domesticate cows and milk them.
(5) The red ants found in Europe train the black ants to become their slaves. This act is surprisingly human.
4. Classify phrases from the text according to the roles they play.
(they keep slaves, system like government, domesticate cow, live on leaves of beans, play games, nurse their babies, share work, carry their masters on their back, make beds of chewed leaves, fungus is grown)
Answer:
Ants as organizers |
Ants as farmers | Ants as social beings |
Ants as masters/slaves |
share work, system like government | live on leaves of beans, fungus is grown, domesticate cow, make bed of chewed leaves | play games, nurse their babies | they keep slaves, carry their masters on their backs |
5. Match āAā with āBā.
Aā | āBā |
1. South American ants | a. slave ants |
2. Cow ants | b. love to eat honey-like liquid |
3. Red ants | c. driver ants |
4. Black ants | d. king ants |
5. African ants | e. umbrella ants |
Answer:
(1 – e), (2 – b), (3 – d), (4 – a), (5 – c).
6. Describe the behaviour of ants in these situations as mentioned in the Read:
(1) Situation : Ants have to carry heavy load and the sides of pit are steep.
Behaviour : Showing the adeptness and intelligence.
(2) Situation : The way to reach the top of the pit is very smooth, steep and without footholds.
Behaviour: Conveying message and yieding to action of co- operation.
(3) Situation : Ants have to grow their food.
Behaviour: Act as farmers having independent attitude.
(4) Situation : Ants like to have honey-like liquid.
Behaviour : Preparing food for themselves.
(5) Situation : Some ants need followers to work for them.
Behaviour: Acting as kings, training slaves.
Write reasons to support for the following statements.
Question 1.
Ants are clever.
Answer:
(1) Ants do farming by carrying large pieces of leaf over their heads to their nests, making beds of it on which fungus grows and later forms to be their food.
(2) There are ants that domesticate ācowsā and āmilkā them. They extract honey by pressing the sides of the greenfly.
(3) Ants find out ways and means to climb even a smooth and steep rock by cleverly organizing themselves.
Question 2.
Ants have a system like government,
Answer:
(1) Ants play games, nurse their sick and bury their dead.
(2) They see that each one in the nest does ‘l its share of work.
(3) They do not allow anyone to be indolent.
Question 3.
Driver ants are dangerous.
Answer:
(1) They devour any animal that happens to be in their path.
(2) Large animals like tigers and elephants live in fear of them.
(3) If a python, after swallowing its dinner, comes in the way of the ants they eat both the python and its swallowed prey.
Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
What did the ants do to carry heavy food ?
Answer:
The ants had killed some flies and insects down the pit. Carrying these to their anthill was a difficult task. To carry this load they organized themselves. Some carried the bits while other cleared the way by removing sand and small stones coming in the way.
When the load carrying ants were unable to get a foot hold other ants positioned themselves in such a way that the load carrying and could easily climb over them.
Question 2.
Suppose you are playing a role of South American ant, how will you play your role ?
Answer:
As a South American ant, I would be called Umbrella Ant. I would carry large pieces of leaf over my head like umbrella to the nest chewing up the leaves nicely to form a bed on which fungus would grow at a later stage. This would consume as food.
Question 3.
Why do some ants protect green flies ?
Answer:
A green fly plays the role of a cow which can be milked at a later time. They give out sweet honey relished by the ants. So the ants take them to
their nests and protect them. They feed them and then milk them pressing their sides making them give out their honey.
Question 4.
Which ants are called master ants and slave ants ?
Answer:
Certain ants keep other ants as slaves. The Red ants found in Europe are powerful. They act as masters. The black ants, which are smaller in size are taken as slaves by the Red ants.
Question 5.
Which ants are called cow ants ? Why ?
Answer:
There are ants that domesticate ācowsā and āmilkā them. Honey-like substance is extracted from the green fly by certain ants. They are, therefore, called cow ants.
Question 6.
Do you have sympathy towards servant ants ? How are they treated by their masters ?
Answer:
The behaviour of most creatures depends on instincts. Human beings deal with them emotionally since the red ants abduct the eggs of the black
ants and after hatching them black ants come out they are made to play the role of slaves. However the feeling of sympathy for the black ants arise only because slavery is no more accepted in the modern world.
Question 7.
Are people afraid of driver ants ? Why ?
Answer:
The driver ants of Africa are the most ferocious kind of ants. They march in long lines ; in a very large number. They devour any animal that happens to be in their path.
Large animals like tigers and elephants are afraid of them. If s a python happens to come in their path, it is eaten by them. Babies have also been eaten by them. It is but natural that people are afraid of these ants.
Question 8.
How would you know that an army of ants has passed from this place ?
Answer:
On the arrival of the driver ants people living in that house flee. When they come back to their houses they notice that every insect and spider in the house and on their path has been cleared away.
Question 9.
What should we learn from ants ?
Answer:
The ants teach us many lessons. We should develop the characteristic of hard work avoiding indolence. One should try to overcome all the obstructions that come in our way of progress.
In spite of limitations we should not fail to make progress. We must develop skills while working towards achievements. The qualities of good governance and cooperation should be practised.
(A) Additional Questions and Answers
Answer the following question:
Question 1.
Illustrate adeptness of ants.
Answer:
When ants need to climb a smooth, steep part of their way with load, they organise themselves very cleverly. Of many ants, only one reaches the top. There it meets other ants from the anthill.
Now the ants at the top begin climbing down into the pit backward, each holding the tail end of another ant in front. Thus they form an ant-chain and drop down the step side. When it reaches, the ants waiting with their loads easily climb up the chain and come out at the top.
(B) Short notes
Write short notes focussing on the questions:
(1) Ants have Great Adeptness – Illustrate
- ants as human beings
- ants in a pit
- loaded with bits of their food
- difficult to climb steep way upwards !
- one ant manages to reach the top
- calls other ants
- make an ant-chain
- climb down facilitating the load-bearing ants come up the pit
Answer:
Ants have Great Adeptness – Illustrate :
Now science has found out that the intelligence of ants is very close to human intelligence. Ants work unitedly with team spirit and with great ! adeptness. A scientist observed their following behaviour A number of ants were down in a pit. They had killed some flies and other insects there.
The bits of these insects were to be fetched to their s anthill. The sides of the pit were steep and the loads were heavy. Immediately they organised the work. While some were carrying up the bits of insects, the others went in front clearing away the obstructions in the way. At some points, where it
was difficult to get a foothold, these other ants positioned themselves in such a way that the load-bearing ants could easily climb over them. Near the top of the pit, there was a small part of the way which was completely smooth and steep. Only one ant could reach the top.
She called many other ants from the anthill and made an ant-chain. The ants at the top began climbing down into the pit backward, each holding the tail end of another ant in front. When the ant-chain reached the ants waiting with their loads, the load-bearing ants easily climbed up the chain and came out at the top.
(2) The Driver Ants
- Why are these ants called āDriver Antsā ?
- Are they completely blind ?
- Which large animals live in fear of driver ants ?
- When do the people flee into the forest? ?
- How long do they stay in the forest?
- What do they find after coming back from the forest?
Answer:
The Driver Ants: The ādriver ants of Africaā are the most ferocious kind of ants. They have no fixed home but are always on the move.They are completely blind, but they march in long lines, many millions along, and they devour any animal that happens to be in their path.
Even large animals like tigers and elephants live in fear of them. They can even devour a python with its prey in its stomach. There are a number of stories about these ants of eating up babies with the African Villagers.
When an army of the driver ants enters a house, the people flee into 5 the forest and stay there until the ants have passed. When the people come back, they find that every insect and spider in their houses has been cleared away.
(3) Farmer Ants ?
- Where are they found ?
- What do they carry over their heads ?
- What do they bring in their nest?
- What do they do with the leaves?
- What is their food?
Answer:
Farmer Ants : Farmer ants are the ants that do farming. They are found in South America.They are also known as āUmbrella Antsā. They are so-called because they often carry large pieces of leaf over their heads like umbrellas. They take these pieces of leaf to their nests. They chew them up nicely there. Afterwards they make beds of these chewed up leaves. On these beds grows a kind of fungus, which is the food of ants.
(C) Reading Comprehension
Read the following extracts and answer the questions:
(1) The ants immediately organised the work in this way: while some were carrying up the bits of insects, the others went in front and cleared away any sand or small stone that obstructed the way.
At some points where it was difficult to get a foothold, these other ants would position themselves in such a way that the ants carrying the loads could easily climb over them.
Questions:
(1) How are the ants organised as far as their work is concerned ?
(2) How do they make climbing easy where there is no foothold ?
Answers :
(1) While some ants are carrying up the bits of insects, the others go in front and clear away any sand or small stone that obstructs the way. This is their organised effort.
(2) At some points it is difficult to get a foothold. At that time, the other ants would position themselves in such a way that the ants carrying the loads can easily climb over them.
(2) Then there are ants that domesticate ācowsā and āmilkā them ! What we have called ācowā are a kind of green fly. These are found on rose leaves and on the leaves of beans. They give out a sweet honey-like liquid which the ants relish a lot. So the ants take these green flies to their nests and keep them there. They feed them, protect them from their enemies; and they āmilkā them, pressing their sides gently and making them give out their honey.
Questions:
(1) Who are cows ? Where are they found ?
(2) How do the ants use these ācowsā ?
Answers;
(1) Green flies are ācowsā. They are found on rose leaves and on the leaves of beAnswer:
(2) Green flies give out a sweet honey-like liquid which ants relish a lot. The ants āmilkā them pressing their sides gently and making them give out their honey.
(3) There are ants that keep other ants as ‘slaves. One such type is a powerful red ant which is found in Europe. Their slaves are taken from a type of black ant which is smaller in size. When the red ants want slaves, they ambush the nests of the black ants and abduct some of their eggs.
When these eggs hatch in the red antsā nests, the black ants which come out are treated as slaves. From their birth they are taught to obey. They are compelled to drudgery – they have even to carry about their masters on their backs. How surprisingly human!
Questions :
(1) How do the red ants get slaves ?
(2) What are the slaves taught ?
Answers :
(1) When the red ants want slaves, they attack the nests of the black ants and abduct same or their eggs. When these eggs hatch in the red antsā nests, the black ants which come out are treated as slaves.
(2) Right from their birth, the slaves – black ants – are taught to obey. They are compelled to drudgery – they have even to carry about their masters on their backs.
(4) There are ants that keep other ants as slaves. One such type is a powerful red ant which are found in Europe. Their slaves are taken from a type of black ant which is smaller in size. When the red ants want slaves, they ambush the nests of the black ants and abduct some of their eggs.
Questions :
(1) Which type of ants keep other ants as slaves ?
(2) Why do the red ants ambush the nests of the black ants ?
Answers:
(1) Red ants in Europe keep other ants as slaves.
(2) The red ants ambush the nests of the black ants to abduct some of their eggs.
(5) Even large animals like tigers and elephants live in fear of them. Often if a python unable to move after swallowing his dinner, happens to be in the path of the marching line, then these creatures eat both the python and the animal in its stomach. The villagers of Africa tell stories about babies who have been eaten by ants and these stories may be true. When an army of the driver ants enters a house, the people flee into the forest and stay there until the ants have passed. When the people come back, they find that every insect and spider in the house has been cleared away.
Questions :
(1) What is the benefit of driver ants to the villagers ?
(2) What happens with the arrival of driver ants ?
Answers :
(1) Driver ants eat up and clear away every insect and spider from the houses of the villagers.
(2) With the arrival of driver ants, the people flee into the forest and stay there until the ants have passed.
(D) Say True or False
Write whether the following sentences are True or False :
(1) Ants work in a disorganised way.
(2) The Driver ants of America are the most ferocious kind of ants.
(3) The Red ants are most ferocious kind of ants.
(4) The Red ants found in Europe are more powerful.
(5) The black ants have to carry their masters on their backs.
(6) Cow ants give out a sweet honey-like liquid.
(7) Red ants are treated as slaves by black ants.
(8) The umbrella ants do farming.
(9) Intelligence of ants is very close to that of human beings.
(10) The driver ants are always on the move.
(11) Even large animals like tigers and elephants live in fear of the driver ants.
(12) Ants have a highly developed social sense.
Answer:
(1) False
(2) False
(3) False
(4) True
(5) True
(6) False
(7) False
(8) True
(9) True
(10) True
(11) True
(12) True
Ants Summary in Gujarati
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ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ āąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖ«ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖÆ’ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖąŖ”ą« ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ„ૠદબાવą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ૠમધ ąŖą«ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¹ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¢ą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖąŖąŖ¤ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«. ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ³ąŖøą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą« ąŖØąŖ„ą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ રમત ąŖ°ąŖ®ą« ąŖą«, ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« સારવાર ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ§ą«ąŖ ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖøąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖæąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«. ąŖÆą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ મળતૠલાલ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ(ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ)ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖøą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖą«.
ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ઠમાણસ ąŖą«ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ąŖØ ąŖØ ąŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖÆ? ąŖąŖ«ą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖ¤ą« āąŖ”ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖµąŖ° ąŖąŖØą«ąŖą«ąŖø’ ąŖµąŖ£ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ® સતત ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą« ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¬ą« ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ą« ąŖą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ°ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖØ ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ° ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ.
ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ³ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ° ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ ąŖ«ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ૠતમામ ąŖąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ, ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ³ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ ąŖøąŖ«ąŖ¾ąŖÆą« ąŖ„ąŖ ąŖąŖÆą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«.
Glossary (ąŖ¶ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„)
Phrases and Idioms
ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ·ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ°
ąŖą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖø ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖØą« (ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ) ąŖØą«ąŖą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ¬ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ąŖØ ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ. ąŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ¬ąŖ§ą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖą« હતą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ£ą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ હતાąŖ. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ નાના નાના ąŖąŖ£ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ દર ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖą«ąŖØą« લાવવા ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ”ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ.
ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¶ą«ąŖą«ąŖ² ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ. ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¢ąŖ¾ąŖ£ ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖąŖ¤ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ હતાąŖ, ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¦ąŖØą« ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ તૠઠતિશય ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ વહન ąŖąŖ°ą« રહૠહતą«. ąŖ (ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ) ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖą« ąŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ„ąŖØą« ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖ માણસ 200 ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą«ąŖ”ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖąŖØ વહન ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą«ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖąŖ¢ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆą« હતą«.
ąŖŖą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖØą«ąŖą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ¬ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖµą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ | (ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ) ąŖą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ£ ąŖąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą« ąŖąŖ¢ą« રહૠહતą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¬ą«ąŖą«(ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«)ąŖąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖ³ ąŖąŖ ąŖą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ„ą«ąŖ„ąŖ° ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ°ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖØąŖ”ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ.
ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖØąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ą«ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖą« ąŖµąŖąŖØ વહન ąŖąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖŖąŖ° ąŖ„ąŖąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ°ąŖ³ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ¢ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«.ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖ°ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ„ą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ²ąŖŖąŖøąŖ£ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¢ąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« હતą«.
ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖąŖÆ ąŖŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖØąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖŖą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ³ ąŖµąŖ§ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖÆą«ąŖ. – ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖą«, ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ.
ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¢ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖø ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ તરત ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ«ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ³ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ą« ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖÆą«. ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ¬ ąŖąŖąŖØąŖ¾. ąŖ®ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ¬ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖąŖ ąŖŖąŖąŖ”ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ”ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ.
ąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ³ ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ§ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖøą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¢ąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖØą«ąŖą« તરફ ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą«. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« રાહ ąŖą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖµąŖąŖØ વહન ąŖąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖøą« ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«-ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ³ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖøąŖ°ąŖ³ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ¢ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ”ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ઠનૠબહાર ąŖ®ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖą« ąŖąŖ.
ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ¶ąŖ² બતાવતા ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ąŖØ ąŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖø ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖÆą« ąŖą«. ąŖ¹ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØ ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¢ą« ąŖą«, ąŖą« ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ®ąŖąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ (ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖæ) ઠમાનવ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖØą« ઠતિ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« (ąŖ¬ąŖąŖØą«) ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ§ą«ąŖ®ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖ¦ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ૠમધ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ³ąŖµą« ąŖą«.
ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ¬ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ°ąŖ®ą« ąŖą«, ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« સારવાર ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ąŖØą« દફન ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖ¤ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖØąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ„ą«. ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ§ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖæąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ શાસન-ąŖŖąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖøąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«.
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