Gujarat BoardĀ GSEB Solutions Class 12 English Second Language Unit 6 Read 1 Strike Against War Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
GSEB Std 12 English Textbook Solutions Unit 6 Unit 1 Read 1 Strike Against War (2nd Language)
GSEB Class 12 English Strike Against War Text Book Questions and Answers
Comprehension
1. Underline three sentences and three phrases that have touched you most.
(1) I am in the hands of unprincipled persons who persuade me to adopt unpopular causes and make me the mouthpiece of their propaganda.
(2) There is nothing between us and our enemies except the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean.
(3) The workers know they have no enemies except their masters, their citizenship papers are no warrant for the safety of their wives and children.
Phrases:
(1) Oh! blind vanity of slaves.
(2) The achievement and legacy of generations swept away in a moment and nobody better off for all the misery!
(3) From time immemorial men have followed with build loyalty the strong men.
2. Make True or False. Correct the false sentences:
(1) Helen is appealing to the editors, statesmen and administrators for giving freedom to citizens.
(2) Helen exposes the ways the authority instigates workers for war.
(3) She asks workers to speak out.
(4) Workers are allowed to go on strike for their rights.
(5) As civilization develops, workers feel freer.
Answer:
(1) True
(2) True
(3) False
(4) True
(5) False
3. Find the sentences with similar meaning.
Question 1.
I do not need translators.
Answer:
I would not change places with them; ‘I knowā what I am talking about.
Question 2.
As you have your strength, I have mine.
Answer:
All I ask gentlemen Is a fair field and no favour.
Question 3.
The law makers should have the sole interest – peopleās welfare.
Answer:
We are not free unless the men who irame and execute the laws represent the interest of the lives of the people and no other interest.
Question 4.
Right to vote doesnāt reduce oneās slavery.
Answer:
The ballot does not make a free man out of a wage slave.
Question 5.
Workersā importance is not more than I’ that of parts of machines.
Answer:
As civilization has grown more complex the workers have become more enslaved until they are little more than parts of the machines I they operate.
Question 6.
Only you can stop wars.
Answer:
Strike against war, for without you no ! battles can be fought.
4. Tick mark the nearest meaning of the sentences:
Question 1.
It is to be a fight to finish and I want no quarter.
(a) I want total revolution. (ā)
(b) I donāt want partition.
(c) It is what has never happened.
Answer:
(a) I want total revolution.
Question 2.
Workers have no enemies except their masters.
(a) Workers think that masters are their enemies.
(b) Masters have no enemies. (ā)
(c) The ultimate welfare of the workers is damaged by the masters only.
Answer:
(b) Masters have no enemies
Question 3.
Oh blind vanity of slaves !
(a) Workers are always blind.
(b) It is very unfortunate that workers are just like slaves but they think that they are great.(ā)
(c) Masters keep them blind.
Answer:
(b) It is very unfortunate that workers are just like slaves but they think that they are great
Question 4.
The ballot does not make a free man out of a wage slave.
(a) Right of voting is not enough. (ā)
(b) Elections are compulsory in free country.
(c) Marking on ballot paper is the right process.
Answer:
(a) Right of voting is not enough.
5. Identify the sentences related to the following themes. Write the first two and the last two words of that sentence.
Cleverness of authority | Foolishness of workers | Slavery of workers | Duty of the workers |
The clever ones up ……… better off for all the misery [Paragraph 4; Text page 62] | From time immemorial men have …… Ā robbed of the fruits of their labour. [Paragraph 5; Text page 62] | As civilization has grown ….. Ā taxes tributes and war compensations. [Paragraph 6; Text page 62] | It is your duty ………… Ā to country all times. [Paragraph 8; Text page 63] |
Complete the sentences.
(1) The editors and others have come for persuading her not to be the mouthpiece of some people but she does not want their pity nor wants to change places with them.
(2) Helen has entered the fight against preparedness and the economic system in which she does not want any favour.
(3) It is unfair to talk about low wages when our own country, our very liberties are in danger.
(4) The workers have built palaces and pyramids, temples and cathedrals but these hold no shrine of liberty.
(5) Germans abolished the slums because they could not raise good soldiers in the slums.
7. Complete the tables
Sentences from the text | Interpretation |
I would not change places with one of them. | I donāt want to interchange my place with anybody of you. |
Not all the editors I have met can do that. | All the editors I have met do not have the sources of information that I have. |
There is nothing between us and our enemies except the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean. | Geographically there is only the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean between us and our enemy. |
Quit your whining, get busy and prepare to defend your firesides and your flag. | Stop complaining, prepare yourself to defend your country and your freedom from your enemies. |
They will go forth to fight valiantly for their own enemies.
|
If the workers are given honours they will fight for the clever ones who are their real enemies. |
This terrible sacrifice would be comprehensible. If the thing you die for and call country, fed, clothed, housed the children. |
Your sacrifice Is fruitful If it affects the lives of common people. |
8. Answer the following questions :
Question 1.
What does Helen believe about the editors ?
Answer:
Helen does not want to depreciate the editors. She believes about the editors that they are an overworked, misunderstood class. She believes it firmly that she should understand their efforts and avail appreciation for them or they will not be encouraged to work genuinely further.
Question 2.
Why does Helen call it the voice of authority a trap ?
Answer:
The voice of authority addresses the workmen as patriots and diverts their attention alarming them that their country is in danger. āI The voice of authority gives examples of Belgium and Serbia and make them frightened.
It suggests the workmen that they should not ask for rise in s their wages as their liberties are in danger. The voice suggests the workmen to quit grumbling, get busy and prepare to defend their kitchen and country.
Thus, these speeches function as a trap for the workmen as they would get sentimental with elated feelings of nationalism and would not demand more wages.
Question 3.
Why does she call their masters their enemies ?
Answer:
She calls their masters their enemies because the workers know that they have no enemies except their masters. They know that their citizenship papers are no guarantee for the safety of their wives and children.
They know that honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing on to, worth fighting for. Therefore, they keep on enduring everything that their masters impose on them.
Question 4.
What is blind āvanityā ?
Answer:
Even if the workers toil persistently and diligently and lead struggleful life, they get nothing satisfying as their reward. Their masters keep on be fooling them in the name of defending country sacrificing everything from their side.
Even with all this awareness, they never raise voice against them. The workmen are so simple at their hearts that they believe themselves a country. This is āblind vanityā according to Helen Keller.
Question 5.
What are the consequences of war ?
Answer:
The consequences of war are always horrible. Millions of young men die. Some other millions get cripped and blinded for life. For still more millions of human beings, their existence turns horrible. The achievement and legacy of generations are swept away in a moment and nobody is better off for all the misery.
Question 6.
What, according to Helen, is the real freedom of workers ?
Answer:
The real freedom of workers is when they are not compelled to work twelve or ten hours a day. They are not free when they are ill paid for their exhausting toil. They are not free when their children must labour in mills and factories or starve.
They are also not free when their woman maybe driven by poverty to lives of shame. They are not free when they are clubbed and imprisoned because they go on strike for a raise of wages and for their basic justice. If they get rid of all these constraints, they can have real freedom.
Question 7.
Why does she say that there has never existed a truly free and democratic nation in the world ?
Answer:
Helen Keller says that there has never existed a truly free and democratic nation in the world because from time immerorial, men have followed the strong men who had the power of money and of armies with blind loyalty. They have tilled the lands of the rulers and have been robbed off the fruits of their labour.
Question 8.
How does slavery exist in the civilized world ?
Answer:
As civilization has grown more complex, the workers have become more and more enslaved. They have been more like machines. Daily they face the dangers of railroad, bridge, skyscraper, freight train, stockhold, stockyard and training at docks on the railroads and underground and on the seas.
Question 9.
Which view of Helen matches with the following quote :
āWorkers of the world unite; you have nothing to lose but your chainsā. -Karl Marx
Answer:
In the same tone as this quote reveals, Helen says, āBe not dumb, obedient slaves in an army of destruction. Be heroes in an army of construction.ā
9. Elaborate the sentences in about 50 words with reference to the text.
Question 1.
All I ask, gentlemen, is a fair field and no favour.
Answer:
Addressing the Editors Helen tells them that she is unable to understand if they would achieve success at the end of their hard work.On the other hand she feels that they are unable to comprehend their efforts to give justice to the workers. She demands fair fight without any favour.
Question 2.
The clever ones, up in the high places know how childish and silly the workers are.
Answer:
The people at the helm of affairs know s that the workers are not very clever. They are innocent and will do everything in the name of their country. The clever take advantage of their blind faith in those clever ones.
Question 3.
Be not dumb, obedient slaves in an army of destruction. Be heroes in an army of construction.
Answer:
She advises the workers to avoid being foolish and refrain from being slaves following ‘ the dictates of the clever ones. She encourages the workers to be heroes and fight bravely for the reconstruction of the values of the workers.
10. Summarise this passage in about
It is your duty to ……….. to the country at all times.
Answer:
She reminds the workers about their duty to demand more important measures. They should see that child labour is banished. The factories should be clean having healthy surroundings.
Machines should be such that no accidents are caused. It is the work of clever ones to provide clean cities without smoke, congestion and dirt. The amount of wages paid should be such that workers get minimum amount required for their existence.
This should be done throughout the nation and thus provide opportunity to all to enjoy proper nourishment, education, intelligence which can be of service to the country at all times.
(A) Additional Questions and Answers
Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
What does Helen Keller want to tell the editors pitying her?
Answer:
Helen Keller clearly tells the editors and others that they should not feel grieved thinking that she is in the hands of unprincipled persons who pursuade her to adopt unpopular causes and make her the mouthpiece of their propaganda.
She doesnāt want their pity and she would never like to change places with one of those editors. She explains that her sources of information are good and reliable. She has papers and magazines from ā England, France, Germany and Austria. She reads those papers and forms and has her own opinion.
Question 2.
What are simple workers given and expected to do ?
Answer:
The clever ones, holding high positions, know it well how to lure workers and make them do what they want.
They know that if the government dresses them up in khaki and gives them a rifle and starts them off with a band and waving banners, they will go forth to fight bravely for their own enemies.
Theyāre taught that brave men die for their countryās honour and it costs lives of millions of young men; other millions crippled and blinded for life and life becomes s horrible for still more millions.
Question 3.
Why does Helen Keller call the workers āthe most unselfish of the children of menā ?
Answer:
According to Helen Keller, the workers toil and live and die for other peopleās country, other peopleās continents, other peopleās liberties and other peopleās happiness. They have no liberties of their own, still they sacrifice everything of their lives. In this way, they are the most unselfish of
the children of men.
Question 4.
What should be done for the workers ?
Answer:
What the workers want is the kind of preparedness to reorganise and reconstruct their whole life. What they need is the essentials of civilization decent lodging, clean streets, wholesome if scanty food, proper medical care and proper safeguards for the workers in their occupations.The administration should be forced to bring about these reforms.
(B) Short notes
Write a short note focussing on the questions:
Helen Kellerās Motivation and Message for the Workers
- speech at Carnegie Hall, NY
- righteous anger against misleading policies of government and statesman
- they asks workers to join army and make sacrifices
- the families of the workers suffer
- day by day they are being enslaved with : the growth of more complex civilization
- Helen asks workers to aggressively strike against war and be heroes in the army of construction
Answer:
Helen Kellerās Motivation and Message for the Workers :
In her speech at Carnegie Hall, New York city, Helen Keller expresses her righteous indignation against statesmen and governments, sympathising with pitiable conditions of the workers.
She says that she has entered the fight against preparedness and against the economic system under which they live. Statesmen keep on : misleading them, in the name of their country and consequently their liberties being in danger.
They trap the workers emotionally and provoke them to join the army. She brings to the notice of the workers that toil and live and die for other peopleās country and for other peopleās happiness.
They do not have liberties of their own. They have to work for about twelve hours a day and still they are ill-paid. Their children have to labour in mills and factories or they will starve.
Their women driven by poverty have to live the lives of shame. Still their demand of raising wages is always curtailed with the growth of more and more civilization, the workers are more and more enslaved.
In such condition she asks them to strike against all ordinances and laws and peace slaying institutions. She aggressively asks them to strike against preparedness that means death and misery to millions of human beings. She asks them not to be dumb, obedient slaves in army or destruction but be heroes in ! the army of construction.
(C) Reading Comprehension
Will the workers walk into this trap ? Will they be fooled again ? I am afraid so. The people have always been susceptible to the oratory of this sort. The workers know they have no enemies except their masters.
They know that their citizenship papers are no warrant for the safety of their wives and children. They know that honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing on to, worth fighting for. Yet, deep down in their foolish hearts they believe they a country. Oh blind vanity of slaves !
Questions :
(1) What does the writer alarm the workers at?
(2) What is āblind vanity of slavesā, according to the writer ?
Answers :
(1) The writer points out the fact that simple- hearted workers are carried away by the oratory of shrewd leaders and get befooled. They have to sacrifice everything in their life but sugarcoated speeches of leaders trap them and they lead a miserable life working for them.
(2) According to the writer, in spite of being aware of the fact that their honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing on to worth fighting for, the workers foolishly believe that they are a country. This is blind vanity of slaves.
(2) I We are not free unless the men who frame and execute the laws represent the interests of the lives of the people and no other interest. The ballot does not make a free man out of a wage slave. There has never existed a truly free and democratic nation in the world.
From time immemorial men have followed with blind loyalty the strong men who had the power of money and of armies. Even while battlefields were piled high with their own dead, they have tilled the lands of the rulers and have been robbed off the fruits of their labour.
Questions :
(1) Whom have men followed from time immemorial ?
(2) In what adverse conditions have the slaves served their masters ?
Answers :
(1) From time immemorial, men have followed with blind loyalty the strong men who had the power of money and of armies.
(2) Even while their own ones died on the battlefields fighting, these slaves have tilled the lands of the rulers and have been robbed off the fruits of their labour.
(3) As civilization has grown more complex, the workers have become more and more enslaved, until today they Eire little more than parts of the machines they operate.
Daily they face the dangers of railroad, bridge, skyscraper, freight ‘ train, stokehold, stockyard and training at the docks, on the railroads and underground and on the seas.
They move the traffic and pass from land to land the precious commodities that make it possible for us to live. And what is their reward ? A scanty wage, often poverty, rents taxes tributes and war compensations.
Questions :
(1) What is the adverse effect of advanced civilization ?
(2) What kind of work the labourers carry out?
Answers :
(1) As civilization has grown more complex, the workers have become more and more enslaved. They have to work like machines.
(2) The labourers have to work in dangerous conditions of working at rail-road bridge, skyscraper, freight train, stockhold, stockyard and training at docks.
(4) My sources of information are as good and reliable as anybody elseās. I have papers and magazines from England, France, Germany and Australia that I can read myself. Not all the editors I have met can do that. They were an overworked and misunderstood class.
Questions :
(1) How many languages could Helen Keller read ?
(2) What did Helen Keller want to say about editors ?
Answers :
(1) Helen Keller could read English, France, Germany and Australian languages.
(2) Helen Keller wanted to say about the editors that they were an overworked and misunderstood class.
(5) There are foes on all sides of us. There is nothing between us and our enemies except the Pacific ocean and the Atlantic ocean. Look at what has happened to Belgium. Consider the fate of Serbia. Will you murmer about low wages when your country, your very liberties are in danger ? Quit your grumbling, get busy and prepare to defend your firesides and your flag.
Questions :
(1) Write names of the seas mentioned in this paragraph.
(2) What does the author advise people ?
Answer:
(1) The seas mentioned in this paragraph are: Pacific ocean and Atlantic ocean.
(2) The author advises people to quit grumbling, get busy and prepare to defend their firesides and their flag.
(6) To begin with, I have a word to say to my good friends, the editors and others who are moved to pity me. Some people are grieved because they imagine I am in the hands of unprincipled persons who would make me a mouthpiece of propaganda.
Questions:
(1) To whom is Helen Keller addressing ?
(2) What do some people and editors think ?
Answer:
(1) Helen Keller is addressing the editors and to those who took pity on her.
(2) Some people and editors think that Helen was in the hands of unprincipled persons who would make her a mouthpiece of propaganda.
(D) Say True or False
Write whether the following sentences are True or False:
(1) We should take arms against each other in times of war.
(2) We can achieve anything by means of war.
(3) Workers are taught that brave men die for their countryās honor.
(4) When war breaks out between nations, we see gradual progress of the nation.
(5) Workersā importance is not more than that of parts of machine.
(6) The workmen are so shrewd that they believe themselves a country.
(7) Workers are not free when their women maybe driven by poverty to lives of shame.
(8) Workers are refused to go on strike for their rights.
( 9) The law makers should have the sole interest -peopleās welfare.
(10) Helen wants to depreciate the editors.
(11) Workers have no enemies except their masters.
(12) The consequences of war are always fruitful.
(13) The ballot does not make a free man out of a wage slave.
(14) Workers are not free when they are well-paid for their exhausting toil.
(15) Men have followed the strong men who had the power of money.
(16) Helen wants us to be dumb and obedient s slaves in an army of destruction.
(17) The people at the helm of affairs know that workers are not very clever.
(18) Helen advises workers to follow the dictates.
(19) Helen asks workers to aggressively strike against war.
(20) It is the workersā duty to insist upon more radical measures.
(21) Right to vote makes one feel free.
Answer:
(1) True
(2) False
(3) True
(4) False
(5) True
(6) False
(7) True
(8) False
(9) True
(10) False
(11) True
(12) False
(13) True
(14) False
(15) True
(16) False
(17) True
(18) False
(19) True
(20) True
(21) False
Vocabulary
Choose the most appropriate option.
Question 1.
Which word is related to corruption ?
(a) scanty
(b) unprincipled
(c) invasion
(d) jeopardy
Answer:
(b) unprincipled
Question 2.
You will create the following for yourself and for others if you drive carelessly.
(a) din
(b) jeopardy
(c) vanity
(d) inheritance
Answer:
(b) jeopardy
Question 3.
What is considered to be an essential character trait of a leader ?
(a) warrant
(b) oratory
(c) vanity
(d) inheritance
Answer:
(b) oratory
Question 4.
ā can easily overtake a wisdom. It usually common sense.ā
(a) overtakes
(b) oratory
(c) vigour
(d) vanity
(e) freight
(f) overcomes
Answer:
(d) vanity
Question 5.
If you become you donāt stay
(a) freight, disparage
(b) wrought, abolished
(c) belligerent, decent
(d) grieved, unscrupulous
Answer:
(c) belligerent, decent
2. Choose the most appropriate word from the brackets to fit in the quotes.
(hideous, abolished, butchery, disparage, conquer, amenable, invade)
(1) Every nation has the right to demand proper treatment and no country should invade the territory of any other country. -Mustafa Ataturk
(2) We have abolished the death penalty for humans, so why should it continue for animals? -Brigitte Bardot
(3) Whenever you are confronted with an opponent, conquer him with love.
– Mahatma Gandhi
(4) IĀ will stay in jail to the end of my days before I make a butchery of my conscience, -John Bunyan
(5) Friendship is the source of the greatest ; pleasure and without friends even the most amenable pursuits become tedious. -St. Thomas Aquins
(6) When men are full of envy they disparage everything whether it be good or bad. -Tacitus
(7) I am, as I am; whether hideous or handsome, depends upon who is made judge. – Herman Melville
Choose a suitable word from the brackets to make a question for the answer.
Question 1.
When did you find yourself in jeopardy ?
(vigour, jeopardy, conquest)
Answer:
When my speeding carās tyre burst on highway, I found myself in danger.
Question 2.
How could she endure the ride ?
(espouse, disparage, endure)
Answer:
No, she just couldnāt tolerate. She was feeling nauseated when the ride ended.
Question 3.
Why is his presence not persistent in the class ?
(belligerent, persistent, astray)
Answer:
Maybe, because he keeps on falling ill now and then because of his weak health.
Question 4.
What is the reason for his grieving ? (grieving, indemnities, propaganda)
Answer:
Oh ! He lost his beloved girlfriend.
Question 5.
What is the punishment for the breach of this ordinance?
(whining, ordinance, stockyard)
Answer:
You will be suspended for a month.
Question 6.
Why could he not face the situationĀ valiantly?
(hurly-burly, valiantly, elementally)
Answer:
He was worried for his own safety as there was no one after him to take care of his little boy.
Question 7.
Which product of this company is espoused by this brand ambassador
(persuaded, crippled, espoused)
Answer:
The beauty soaps.
4. Frame meaningful sentences using all the words given in the set.
Question 1.
endure – persistent – vanity
Answer:
His vanity was persistent and could not be endured even by his friends.
Question 2.
oratory – skill – leader
Answer:
The political leader was blessed with the skill of oratory.
Question 3.
personality – decent – cherished
Answer:
As his family background was good he cherished a decent personality.
Question 4.
vigour – win – race
Answer:
His vigour led him to Kerala to win the boat race.
Question 5.
grieve – unprincipled – corruption
Answer:
Though the unprincipled police officer let a life of corruption his greedy friends did not grieve.
5. Each group of four words contains two words that are either adjectives or nouns or verbs. Circle these two words; then circle the āAdjā if they are adjectives, and āNā if they are nouns, and āVā if they are verbs.
1. | ( din) | astray | persuade | ( freight) | Adj | (IT) | V |
2. | (unprincipled) | propaganda | (amenable) | valiantly | (Adj) | N | V |
3. | conquest | (disparage) | (endure) | wrought | Adj | N | (V) |
4. | persuade | abstraction | (unabated) | (persistent) | (Adf) | N | V |
5. | espouse | (scanty) | congestion | (elemental) | (Adj) | N | V |
6. | (warrant) | endure | decent | ( conquest) | Adj | (N) | V |
7. | (inheritance) | ( stockyard) | abolished | grieve | Adj | (N) | V |
Function
1. Compare the sentences in āAā and āBā (Synthesising Expressions) :
‘A’ |
āBā |
|
1. | I know what I am talking about. | I am talking about something. I know that. |
2. | I have entered the fight against preparedness and against the economic system under which we live. | I have entered the fight against preparedness. I have entered the fight against economic system. We live under preparedness and economic system. |
3. | We are not free unless the men who frame and execute the laws represent the interests of the lives of the people and no other interest. | The men frame the laws. The men execute the laws. They should represent the interests of the lives of the people and no other interest. We are not free unless itās done. |
2 Read the group of sentences given. From the Read, find out a single sentence covering the meaning of all these sentences:
(a) The Germans abolished the slums. They could not raise good soldiers in the slums. They found out it years ago.
Answer:
Years ago the Germans found out that they could not raise good soldiers in the slums, so they abolished the slums.
(b) Itās time your country is in danger. Itās time your liberties are in danger. Will you speak about low wages in this situation ?
Answer:
Will you speak about low wages when your country, your liberties are in danger ?
(c) Honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing. These are the things they fight for. They know this fact.
Answer:
They know the fact that honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing worth fighting for.
3. Underline the verbs and box the connectors in F. l.A and F. 2. (a), (b), (c).
Example: I know what I am talking about (F. I. A.)
1.
Sentences | Connectors |
1. I know what I am talking about. | what |
2. I have entered the fight against preparedness and against the economic system under which we live. economic system under which we live. | and under which |
3. We are not free unless the men who frame and execute the laws represent the interests of the lives of the people and no other interest. | unless, who, and |
2.
Sentences | Connectors |
(a) The Germans found out years ago that they could not raise good soldiers in the slums so they abolished the slums. | that, so |
(b) Will you speak about low wages when your country; and your liberties are in danger ? | when, are |
(c) Then know that honest sweat, persistent toil and 1 years of struggle bring them nothing on to, worth fighting for. | that |
4. Read the group of sentences carefully and observe how they are expressed in different ways without changing the meaning:
(1) That cheque did not get cleared. The cheque was drawn in favour of her friend. Mitali had insufficient balance in her bank account.
(a) Because of insufficient balance in Mitaliās bank account, that cheque drawn in favour of her friend did not get cleared.
(b) Mitali had insufficient balance in her bank account, therefore that cheque drawn in favour of her friend did not get cleared.
(c) That cheque which was drawn in favour of her friend did not get cleared because Mitali had insufficient balance in her bank account.
(2) It was morning. It was a summer day. I went to Ramnagar. I wanted to meet my friend. He lived there. We studied together.
(a) In the morning on a summer day, I went to Ramnagar because I wanted to meet my friend and ex-classmate who lived in that area.
(b) In the morning on a summer day, I went to meet my friend and ex-classmate living in Ramnagar.
(c) In the morning on a summer day, I went so that I could meet my friend and exclassmate living in Ramnagar.
Sentences | Connectors | Verbs |
1. (a) Because of insufficient balance in Mitaliās bank account, that cheque drawn in favour of her friend did not get cleared. | because of | drawn, did not get cleared |
(b) Mitali had insufficient balance in her bank account, therefore that cheque drawn in favour of her friend did not get cleared. | therefore | had, drann, did not get cleared |
(c) That cheque which was drawn in favour of her friend did not get cleared because Mitali had insufficient balance in her bank account. | which,because | was drawn, did not get, had |
2. (a) In the morning on a summer day, I went to Ramnagar because I wanted to meet my friend and ex-classmate who lived in that area. | because and | went, wanted to meet |
(b) In the morning on a summer day, I went to meet my friend and ex-classmate living in Ramnagar. | and | went, living |
(c) In the morning on a summer day, I went so that I could to meet my friend and ex-classmate living in Ramnagar. | so that and | went, living |
5. Read the conversation. Underline the verbs and circle the connector.
(a) Mr Complex: I know thatĀ Mrs Doctor is very accurate in her work.
Mr Compound : Yes, she is tired today still she is examining her patients.
Miss Simple : Inspite of her illness, she has come to the hospital.
(b) Mr Complex: Do you know when Mr Baxi started his new business ?
Mr Compound : I went to its inaugural function but I have forgotten that exact date, sir.
Miss Simple : His entrepreneurial attempt took place almost two months back.
(c) Mr Complex: Though modern technology provides us various benefits, it canāt solve all problems related to human existence.
Mr Compound : Technology can be beneficial but we need to utilize it with its optimal level and sensibly.
Miss Simple : A technology in need is a technology indeed.
6. Read the following groups of sentences.
Notice that these sentences can be combined in different ways. Fill in the blanks.
(1) (for, so that, therefore, in order to)
Rohan Mehta went to the government office.
He wanted to collect his ration card.
(a) Rohan Mehta went to the government office so that he could collect his ration card. I
(b) Rohan Mehta wanted to collect his ration card therefore he went to the government office.
(c) Rohan Mehta went to the government office for collecting his ration card.
(2) (but, arrival, before, departure)
The doctor came yesterday. He wanted to examine the patient. The patient had died.
(a) Before the doctor came to examine the patient, he had died.
(b) The doctor came to examine the patient but he had died.
(c) Beforehand the arrival of the doctor for examination, the patient had died.
(3) (as, as per, under, to, so, such, that, in spite of, though, during)
The directions were given by the Science teacher. Anu and Abhi made a model of plane. It was made very successfully. It won the first prize in the competition. They had a short span of time for its making.
(a) As per the directions given by the Science teacher, Anu and Abhi made a model of plane so successfully that it won the first prize in the competition in spite of having a short span of time for its making.
(b) Under the directions of the Science teacher, Anu and Abhi made a successful model of plane to win the first prize in spite of a short span of time.
(c) As the Science teacher directed, Anu and Abhi made a model of plane successfully that it won the first prize in the competition though there was a short span of time.
7. Join these sets of sentences in two ways. First frame a sentence with two verbs and then another sentence with only one verb.
(1) Mr Manan Patil is a senior clerk. He is not the manager. He behaves like the manager.
(a) A senior clerk, Mr Manan Patil behaves like the manager.
(b) A senior clerk, Mr Manan Patil behaves as if he were the manager.
(2) (though, but, in spite of)
Hitarth performed his role on the stage very nicely. The audience did not enjoy it much.
(a) Though Hitarth performed his role on the stage very nicely, the audience did not enjoy it.
(b) In spite of performing his role very nicely on the stage, the audience did not enjoy , it.
(3) Anurag is very slow at learning. He canāt grasp a new topic easily.
(a) As Anurag is very slow at learning he canāt grasp a new topic easily.
(b) Being very slow at learning, Anurag canāt grasp a new topic easily.
(4) The wind blew. The rain fell. The lightning flashed.
(a) As the wind began to blow, the rain fell along with flashing of lightening.
(b) The wind having blown, the rain began to fall along with flashing of lightening.
8. Read the passage. Rewrite the passage without changing the message. Do it in two ways :
(a) Covering all verbs
(b) One sentence one verb.
Some people joined the Heritage Walk. It was organized by a local newspaper. It started from Swaminarayan Temple. It ended at Jama Masjid. Participants knew for the first time the harmony saga of the city. They got introduced to the history of the city too. During the walk, the guide informed them logic and beliefs for various activities and house-structures on the heritage route.
Answer:
(a) Covering all verbs : The heritage walk, organized by a local newspaper, was joined by some people, which started from Swaminarayan temple and ended at Jama Masjid, during which the guide, informed the participants logic and beliefs for various activities and house structures, making them aware of the history and the harmony saga of the city for the first time.
(b) One sentence one verb : Some people joined the Heritage walk. It was organised by a local newspaper. It started from Swaminarayan temple. It ended at Jama Masjid. Participants knew for the first time, the harmony saga of the city.
They also got introduced to the history of the city too. During the walk, the guide informed them logic and beliefs for various activities. He also informed them about the house-structures on the heritage route.
9. Rewrite the paragraph combining the sentences whenever possible.
Centuries ago, there were no well-organized state educational institutions. There were no schools, high-schools and colleges. So, how did people get ā education ? Gurus were the pivot of educational , ”system. There were no books or notebooks.
Gurus taught the lessons orally and with practicals. Students used to go to the Guruās house. It was called Ashram. Students stayed in the Ashram, until they finished their education. The teachers were addressed as Acharyas and pupils were called Shishyas.
Often they lived in holy places, big towns and capitals of Kingdoms. Four Vedas, six Vedangs, the Puranas, Logic, Philosophy, Prakrit literature, Mathematics, Metaphysics, Sanskrit- Grammar, Medicine and Astronomy-cum-Astrology were the main subjects of study.
Education was free, but students from well-to-do families used to pay Gurudakshina.
Answer:
Centuries ago, there were no well- organized state educational institutions, such as schools and colleges. So how did people get education ? Gurus were the pivot of educational system.
There were no books or notebooks. Gurus taught orally and with practicals. Students used to go to Guruās houses called āAshramaā where they stayed untill they finished their education.
Gurus were called Acharyasā and pupils āShishyasā. Often they lived in holy places, big towns and capitals of Kingdoms. Four āVedasā, six āVedangasā, the āPuranasā, Logic, Philosophy, Prakrit literature, Mathematics, Metaphysics, Sanskrit-Grammar, Medicine and Astronomy-cum-Astrology were the main subjects of study. Education was free but students from well-to-do families used to pay Gurudakshina.
Writing
Question 1.
Krutarth has been elected as the General Secretary of his school. He has to deliver a speech on his future plans and how he is going to fulfil them. Draft a speech for him in 150 words.
Answer:
My dear friends, first of all, I would like to thank each one of you for having chosen me the General Secretary of the school. Over the years, I have witnessed that the bridge between the students and the school authorities is fragile. Most students hesitate to gap this bridge.
They fear that their problem may not bear a serious tone or it may fall onĀ deaf ears. I will represent your problems to the authorities, however small or negligible they are. This is my sincere assurance to you.
I will play the role of a mediator to bring about a solution where all will be benefited. Always feel free to approach me and I shall always be ever willing to serve you. Thank you once again for giving me this privilege to serve you.
Question 2.
Helen Keller was deaf, dumb and blind but nowadays she is considered a very inspiring figure. Write a paragraph using these points:
Birthdate: June 27, 1880 – Birthplace: West Tuscumbia, Alabama – early childhood and illness – formal education-first deaf – blind person to earn a bachelor of arts degree -writings -death: June 1, 1968 – posthumous honuors
Answer:
Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880 in Tuscumbia in Alabama, U.S. She died on June 1, 1968. She was an Author, Political Activities and a lecturer. She studied at Harvard University.
She was the first blind person to earn Bachelor of Arts degree. Anne Sullivan was responsible for her worldwide fame. When she was 19 months old, she became deaf and blind as a result of meningitis. She mastered Braille. Her birthday is commemorated as āHelen Keller Dayā.
This was authorized by Jimmy Carter in 1980 on her 100th birth Anniversary. She proved to the workers that deaf, dumb and blind people can do what hearing and sighted people can do.
Question 3.
You are the leader of Studentsā Council of your school. Write a long dialogue involving these four characters and the situation mentioned below:
Characters : Principal, Student Leader, Canteen Manager, Administrative Head
Situation: There is a rising dissatisfaction among students in your school regarding the inadequate canteen and water facilities. Students have been protesting about the only canteen in your school. There are multiple problems that have slowly risen and have led to a large scale protest across the campus. A meeting is called by the Principal in which you are one of the members. Holy will you present your case on behalf of the students? Also frame dialogues pertaining to other members.
Answer:
At the meeting. The Canteen Manager is called to resolve the issues in the presence of the principal.
Principal: Now tell me what are your problems regarding our canteen?
I: Sir, the quality of eatables served in the canteen is very poor. It is our common impression that it is not at all hygienic.
Principal: (To the Canteen Manager) Mr Pandey, what is your explanation regarding this . complaint ?
Canteen Manager : Sir, you know that the charges fixed for the eatables are very low, still we provide them as good as we can. Please reconsider the charges and there would be no complaint afterwards.
Principal: Reconsideration of the charges is a different issue; we will sort it out, but there should not be any compromise in hygenic eatables.
Canteen Managers: Sorry, sir. Now onwards, I will take care. But please take my point in consideration.
Principal: OK, weāll resolve it soon. Well, boys and girls, any other problem?
Sanket: So many sir. Cleanliness is not observed in the canteen. Tables are always messy. Leftovers are garbaged open in a corner.
We donāt get purified water to drink. The boys working there are untidy and mannerless.
Principal: OK, OK, (To Canteen Manager) what about these issues? You donāt deserve to be sympathised.
Canteen Manager : Sir, For a few weeks, our R.O.system has gone out of order.
I will get it repaired soon; and regarding my boys, I will strictly order them to keep tidy and behave mannerly. As far as cleanliness is concerned,
I myself will take care of it. Now onwards you will not have any complaint against me about these issues. Please allow me a weekās time and I will getĀ everything resolved upto your satisfaction, Sir, Iām sorry for all this.
Principal: This is the last warning to you. If the things are not brought in order in a weekās time, I will have to think otherwise.
Canteen Manager : Once more sorry, Sir. I will not give you any scope of complaint hence on.
Activity
1. Search on the net about āWorldās Best Oratorsā. Read about any one extra-ordinary orator and present the details to your class.
Note: Students will browse over net and collect details about extra-ordinary orators themselves. Then they will present the details to their class.
2. Try to find out information on āBraille Scriptā.
Note: Students can visit BPA in Ahmedabad or browse over the net to collect this information.
Project
Go to a blind peopleās school / organisation. Talk to the blind people there and note down their political views.
Note: Students will carry out the project themselves. They will visit a blind peopleās organisation, interact with them and note down their political views.
Strike Against War Summary in Gujarati
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ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą« ąŖŖą«ąŖØąŖ°ą«ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖØąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖæąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖøąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖØą« રાહ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ° ąŖØąŖ„ą«. ąŖ²ą«ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ³ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ·ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖÆąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ પઔશą«. ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ąŖØąŖ¾ તમામૠતમામ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖąŖµąŖ¶ą«ąŖÆąŖ ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ„ ąŖąŖØą«ąŖ®ą« ąŖÆą«ąŖą«ąŖÆ ąŖŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ£ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖŖą«ąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ą«, ąŖøą«ąŖ¶ąŖæąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖæąŖ¤ બનą«, ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖæąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖ¬ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖÆą«ąŖą«ąŖÆ બનą«. ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ તમામ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖØ, ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ąŖæąŖØą«ąŖ હનન ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ. ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¶ą« નહિ, ąŖøąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖØąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖØą«ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖ° બનą«.
Glossary (ąŖ¶ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„)
Phrases and Idioms
ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ·ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ°
(ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖÆą«ąŖąŖ°ą« 5, 1916ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą«ąŖą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ², ąŖØą«ąŖÆą« ąŖÆą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ¶ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ° ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ²ąŖØ ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ° ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ·ąŖ£) ąŖ¶ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ મારૠમારા ąŖøąŖØą«ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«, ąŖøąŖąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆą« ąŖą« મારા ąŖŖąŖ° દયા ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ„ą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖą« ąŖ¦ą«:ąŖą« ąŖą«, ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖæąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ąŖµąŖæąŖ¹ą«ąŖØ ąŖ²ą«ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ„ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖæąŖØąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ²ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ£ą« ąŖøą«ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖµąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ બનાવવા ąŖøąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖą«.
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ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ¾ ąŖąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖøąŖ®ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖ®ąŖØą« ઠયાદ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ą«, ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖ¬ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤, ąŖ ąŖąŖ° ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ³ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖØąŖ„ą«, ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖ ąŖąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ°ą«ąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ® ąŖØąŖ„ą«.
ąŖøąŖą«ąŖąŖØą«, ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ ąŖØąŖæąŖ·ą«ąŖŖąŖą«ąŖ· ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖ«ą«ąŖ£ ąŖµąŖąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ·ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°(ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«)ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖą« ąŖøą«ąŖøąŖą«ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ³ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ, ąŖąŖØą« ąŖµąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖÆą« ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖ²ąŖ”ą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ, ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ§ąŖą«ąŖ” ąŖąŖą«ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖØąŖ„ą«.
ąŖøąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ°ąŖ¤ ąŖ„ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖ§ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖ° ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ° ąŖąŖ ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ§ąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ³ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆą« ąŖą«. āąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ā, ąŖ ąŖąŖ¹ą« ąŖą«, āąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ, ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ąŖąŖą«ąŖ¤ą«; ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ ąŖąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą« !ā
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ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ ąŖąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖąŖ¾ ąŖµą«ąŖ¤ąŖØ, તમનૠ, ąŖ®ąŖ³ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą« ąŖąŖ£ąŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¶ą«? ąŖąŖøą«ąŖ રિવર પાર ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖæąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖØ ąŖ²ąŖ¶ą«ąŖąŖ° ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖ² માનહાનિ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖøąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖø સહન ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą« ąŖą«, ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖ વિસાતમાઠન઄ą«; ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¬ąŖ”ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖ¦ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ° ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ·ą«ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ§ą«ąŖµąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ą« ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ”ą«. ąŖ²ąŖ¶ą«ąŖąŖ° ąŖąŖą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«, ąŖØą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖ³ ąŖąŖą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą« ઠનૠવફાદાર ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ® ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ®ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«(ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą«)ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ„ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ.ā
ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ફસાશą«? ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ«ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ બનાવાશą«? મનૠઠબાબતનૠઔર ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ·ąŖ£ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¦ą« ąŖąŖµą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖæąŖą« સિવાય ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ®ąŖØ ąŖØąŖ„ą«.
ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ (ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą«) – ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖŖąŖ°ą«ąŖø (ąŖ¦ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖµą«ąŖą«) ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖØąŖ„ą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ (ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ£) ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖæąŖ ąŖŖąŖøą«ąŖØą«, સતત ąŖ®ąŖ¹ą«ąŖØąŖ¤ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ·ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ· ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖ§ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖÆą«ąŖą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖØąŖ„ą«. ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖąŖÆ (ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾) ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ²ą«ąŖ¶ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¦ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ”ą« ąŖąŖąŖ”ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ ąŖą« ąŖąŖ® ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«. āąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ„ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖąŖæąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØ !
ąŖµą«ąŖąŖµą« ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖą« ąŖ (ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą«) ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖą« ąŖą« (ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾) ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖæąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖąŖ° ąŖøąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖąŖ£ąŖµą«ąŖ¶ ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµą«, (હા઄માąŖ) રાયફલ ąŖąŖŖą« ąŖ¬ą«ąŖąŖ” ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ§ąŖąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖŖą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« સા઄ૠલઔવા ąŖąŖąŖ³ વધશą«.
ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¶ą«ąŖąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖą«, ąŖ¬ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ąŖØąŖ¾ માન ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ° બલિદાન ąŖąŖŖą« ąŖą«. ąŖąŖµą« ąŖ¤ąŖ„ą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖæąŖ¹ą«ąŖØ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖµąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ą« ā ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą«
ąŖÆą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØ; ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖąŖ° ąŖ ąŖŖąŖąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ§ ąŖ„ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ; ąŖ¹ąŖą« ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖµąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖµ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ; ąŖŖą«ąŖ¢ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖøąŖæąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖæąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ£ąŖąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ ąŖ„ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ – ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖą«ąŖąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ£ (ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ) ąŖ„ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ„ą« !
ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖÆąŖąŖąŖ° ąŖ¬ąŖ²ąŖæąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖæ ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¬ąŖØą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« બલિદાન ąŖąŖŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ ąŖąŖ¹ą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖąŖ° ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ પાઔą«, ąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖ« (સલામતą«) ąŖąŖŖą« (ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ) તમારાઠ| ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖ¶ąŖæąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ£ ąŖąŖŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖą«.
મારા માનવા ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ¬ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖØąŖæąŖąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖ²ą«ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶; ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆą«ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖąŖą«ąŖØ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ®ąŖą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«, ąŖą«ąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«.
ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖØąŖ„ą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ ઄ૠદસ ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ą« ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖØąŖ„ą«. ąŖŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖØą«ąŖą«ąŖµą«. ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖ®ąŖą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖ¤ąŖØ ąŖ®ąŖ³ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖØąŖ„ą«.
ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖą«ąŖØą« મિલ ąŖą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ ઠપઔૠનહિ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖą« ąŖ®ąŖ°ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖ¶ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖąŖØąŖ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖØąŖ„ą«. માનવ ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ³ąŖą«ąŖ¤ ąŖØą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą« ąŖµą«ąŖ¤ąŖØ વધારવા હઔતાળ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ§ąŖą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖØąŖ„ą«.
ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖ¦ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ”ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«ąŖ બાબતમાઠરસ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ સિવાય ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ²ą«ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖø ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖØąŖæąŖ§ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖµ ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖØąŖ„ą«. મતદાન ąŖµą«ąŖ¤ąŖØąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ²ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ„ą«.
ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą«ąŖµąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ¹ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ·ą«ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¹ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą« રહૠન઄ą«. ąŖ ąŖØąŖæąŖ¶ą«ąŖąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ„ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖøą« ąŖąŖąŖ§ąŖ³ą« ąŖµąŖ«ąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖøą« ąŖŖą«ąŖøąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ²ąŖ¶ą«ąŖąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖøą«ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖøąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖą«.
ąŖ ąŖ°ą« ! ąŖÆą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¢ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ”ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖą«; ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ£ą« ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖøąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ®ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖą« (ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ą« ąŖą«) ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖ®ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ«ąŖ³ (ąŖŖąŖ£) ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ£ą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ£ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ²ą«, પિરામિઔą«, ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¦ąŖæąŖ°ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ³ą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖąŖÆ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ„ą«.
ąŖą«ąŖ® ąŖą«ąŖ® ąŖøąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖąŖą«ąŖ² ąŖ„ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ, ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ® બનાવાતા ąŖąŖÆąŖ¾, ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« હાલમાઠપણ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖÆąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą«ąŖ· ąŖąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ„ą«. ąŖ°ą«ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ£ą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ²ąŖµą«-ąŖ°ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾, ąŖŖą«ąŖ², ąŖ¬ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØ માલસામાન ąŖ²ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą«, ąŖµąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖ°ą«ąŖ®, ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ વાઔા ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖ¦ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ° ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖøąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖØą«ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ®ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą« ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ą« ąŖą«.
ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖØąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØ ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖ¬ą«ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ³ą« ąŖą«? ąŖą«ąŖ·ą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖ²ąŖ ąŖŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°, ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖÆą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖØą« ąŖØą«ąŖąŖøąŖ¾ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ?
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