Gujarat Board GSEB Solutions Class 8 Social Science Chapter 10 Following the Mahatma – Part II Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf.
Gujarat Board Textbook Solutions Class 8 Social Science Chapter 10 Following the Mahatma – Part II
GSEB Class 8 Social Science Following the Mahatma – Part II Textbook Questions and Answers
Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
Why did Gandhiji launch the Dandi March ?
Answer:
The British government had made salt a taxable
commodity. Moreover, they monopolized the production and trade of salt. Mahatma Gandhi and other nationalists felt that it was unjust to put a tax on salt as it is the most essential component of our daily diet. So Gandhiji announced that he would carry out a march to break the salt law. On 12th March, 1930 Gandhiji, along with 78 companions, had started the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad. This historic march became famous as the ‘Dandi March’.
Question 2.
Why did the Second Round Table Conference fail?
Answer:
Gandhiji attended the Second Round Table Conference held in London in 1931 as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress. A demand for separate electorates for Dalits and other communities was made at this conference. Since the communal problems could not be solved, this conference also proved unsuccessful. Gandhiji returned to India with a heavy heart.
Question 3.
What were the proposals of the Cabinet Mission ?
Answer:
The various proposals of the Cabinet Mission were :
- To establish total self-rule in the country.
- To divide the whole country into three provinces.
- Allow India to design its own constitution.
- Formation of an interim or provisional government till the constitution was framed.
Write short notes on the following:
Question 1.
Quit India Movement
Answer:
In 1942, Gandhiji asked the British to leave India immediately. Gandhiji asked the people of India to follow the principle of ‘Do or Die’ and to continue the struggle against the British in a non-violent manner. The historical resolution of ‘Quit India’ was passed on 8th August, 1942, during the Mumbai session of the Indian National Congress. Gandhiji and other leaders were arrested on 9th August.
This gave new impetus to the movement. Thus, the ‘Quit India’ movement spread all over the country. To curb this movement, the government adopted suppressive measures like mass arrest: however, they were unsuccessful in stopping the Indians. So the British government realized that now their hold over the people of India would not be for long. This revolution is of great importance in India’s struggle for freedom.
Question 2.
Dandi March
Answer:
The British government had made salt a taxable commodity. Moreover, they monopolized the production and trade of salt. Mahatma Gandhi and other nationalists felt that it was unjust to put a tax on salt as it is the most essential component of our daily diet. So Gandhiji announced that he would carry out a march to break the salt law. On 12th March, 1930 Gandhiji, along with 78 companions, had started the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad. Gandhiji reached Dandi on 5th April, 1930.
The next day, i.e. on 6th April, he reached the Dandi seacoast and picked up a fistful of salt and broke the salt law. He said, “With this I am shaking the foundations of the British Empire.” Farmers, tribal people and women actively participated in the movement. The government resorted to suppressive methods and arrested thousands of Satyagrahis.
Choose the appropriate option and circle it.
Question 1.
Which incident occurred during the Civil Disobedience Movement ?
A. Establishment of National Universities
B. Dandi March
C. Jallianwala Baugh Massacre
D. Bardoli Satyagraha
Answer:
B. Dandi March
Question 2.
Where were the Round Table Conferences held ?
A. Delhi
B. Mumbai
C. London
D. Lahore
Answer:
C. London
Question 3.
Who was selected as the first Individual Satyagrahi by Gandhiji?
A. Vinoba Bhave
B. Sardar Patel
C. Jawaharlal Nehru
D. Maulana Azad
Answer:
A. Vinoba Bhave
Question 4.
In which movement was the slogan of ‘Do or Die’ given by Gandhiji ?
A. Non-cooperation
B. Dandi March
C. Champaran Satyagraha
D. Quit India Movement
Answer:
D. Quit India Movement
Project:
Prepare a document of two-three pages on Gandhiji by referring to books like ‘The Story of My Experiments with Truth’, ’Gandhi Canga’, ‘Diary of Mahadevbhai’, etc. from your school library.
Activities
The Route of Dandi March ;
(1) Write the names of the places on the route of Dandi March with the help of the given map.
(2) What is the distance between Ahmedabad to Dandi? Decide the scale and write.
(3) Across which districts did the Dandi March pass ?
(4) Which are the centres of salt industry in Gujarat ?
(5) In how many days did Gandhiji and his companions reach Dandi ?
(6) How many kilometres must they have walked per day ?
GSEB Class 8 Social Science Following the Mahatma – Part II Additional Important Questions and Answers
Choose the correct alternative from those given below each question:
1.
Question 1.
Which movement was started to break the unjust laws of the government?
A. Non-cooperation Movement
B. Khilafat Movement
C. The Champaran Movement
D. Civil Disobedience Movement
Answer:
D. Civil Disobedience Movement
Question 2.
What did Gandhiji declare in 1930 ?
A. That he would undertake a march to break the salt law.
B. That he would start a Satyagraha by going into the indigo fields.
C. That he would remain present for the First Round Table Conference.
D. That he would undertake the leadership of the Dharasana Satyagraha.
Answer:
A. That he would undertake a march to break the salt law.
Question 3.
Who started the Dandi March ?
A. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
C. Mahatma Gandhiji
D. Sarojini Naidu
Answer:
C. Mahatma Gandhiji
Question 4.
From where did Gandhiji start the Dandi March ?
A. From Sabarmati Ashram
B. From Kochrab Ashram, Paldi
C. From Pavnar Ashram, Vardha
D. From Sanyas Ashram, Ellisbridge
Answer:
A. From Sabarmati Ashram
Question 5.
How many Satyagrahis joined the Dandi March ?
A. 82
B. 78
C. 62
D. 92
Answer:
B. 78
Question 6.
When did the Dandi March start ?
A. On 12th March, 1932
B. On 6th April, 1930
C. On 12th March, 1930
D. On 12th March, 1931
Answer:
C. On 12th March, 1930
Question 7.
When did Gandhiji break the salt law ?
A. On 5th April, 1930
B. On 6th April, 1930
C. On 6th April, 1942
D. On 12th March, 1930
Answer:
B. On 6th April, 1930
Question 8.
Which Round Table Conference did Gandhiji attend ?
A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth
Answer:
B. Second
2.
Question 9.
Gandhiji was disappointed with the Second Round Table Conference because …
A. The representatives of every community were demanding a separate region for themselves.
B. The representatives of every community were demanding a separate electorate for themselves.
C. The representatives of every community were demanding separate laws for themselves.
D. The representatives of every community were demanding majority of jobs for themselves.
Answer:
B. The representatives of every community were demanding a separate electorate for themselves.
Question 10.
When was the Government of India Act implemented ?
A. In 1931
B. In 1932
C. In 1939
D. In 1935
Answer:
D. In 1935
Question 11.
In 1939 the Congress committees resigned because …
A. British Government had given special powers to regional governors.
B. British Government had encouraged the wrong elements of various classes and communities.
C. The National Congress workers were thrown into prisons.
D. The British government declared that India would be a part of war without first consulting the Federal Legislature.
Answer:
D. The British government declared that India would be a part of war without first consulting the Federal Legislature.
Question 12.
During which session did the Muslim League pass the resolution of demanding Pakistan as a separate nation ?
A. During the Patna session held in March, 1939.
B. During the Lahore session held in March, 1940.
C. During the Cuttack session held in March, 1942.
D. During the Lahore session held in December, 1940.
Answer:
B. During the Lahore session held in March, 1940.
Question 13.
Gandhiji decided to start Individual Satyagraha because …
A. He had no faith in mass Satyagraha.
B. He wished to increase England’s difficulties during the time of World War.
C. He had found a creative worker in the form of Vinoba Bhave.
D. He did not wish to embarrass the British during wartimes.
Answer:
D. He did not wish to embarrass the British during wartimes.
Question 14.
When did Vinoba Bhave start the Individual Satyagraha ?
A. In 1931
B. In 1940
C. In 1939
D. In 1935
Answer:
B. In 1940
Question 15.
When was Vinoba Bhave arrested after he started the Individual Satyagraha?
A. On the fifth day
B. On the fourth day
C. On the sixth day
D. On the seventh day
Answer:
A. On the fifth day
Question 16.
When was the historical resolution of ‘Quit India’ passed ?
A. At night on 8th August, 1941
B. During the day on 8th April, 1942
C. At night on 8th August, 1942
D. During the day on 30th November, 1942
Answer:
C. At night on 8th August, 1942
3.
Question 17.
Which British Prime Minister declared that India will be given complete freedom?
A. Ramsay McDonald
B. Clement Atlee
C. Lord Linlithgow
D. Winston Churchill
Answer:
B. Clement Atlee
Question 18.
In which year did the Cabinet Mission come to India ?
A. In 1943
B. In 1946
C. In 1944
D. In 1945
Answer:
B. In 1946
Question 19.
This was not one of the proposals put forth by the Cabinet Mission Plan
A. To establish a single rule in the whole country.
B. To divide the whole country into three provinces.
C. Formation of an interim or provisional government till the constitution was framed.
D. To allow the nation to frame its own constitution.
Answer:
A. To establish a single rule in the whole country.
Question 20.
Who was the Prime Minister of the interim government ?
A. Gandhiji
B. Mohammad Ali Jinnah
C. Vallabhbhai Patel
D. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer:
D. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Question 21.
When did the Muslim League observe the ‘Direct Action Day’ ?
A. On 2nd August, 1945
B. On 13th August, 1947
C. On 16th August, 1946
D. On 31st December, 1946
Answer:
C. On 16th August, 1946
Fill in the blanks with proper words or numbers in the following statements:
1.
1. In 1930 Gandhiji declared that he would undertake a march to break the unjust ……………. .
Answer:
salt law
2. Gandhiji started the Dandi March from …………………. Ashram in Ahmedabad.
Answer:
Sabarmati
3. Gandhiji started the Dandi March on 12th March, ……………….. .
Answer:
1930
4. Gandhiji broke the salt law on ……………….., 1930.
Answer:
6th April
5. The British Government organized the First Round Table Conference in ………………. city.
Answer:
London
6. Gandhiji attended the …………………. Round Table Conference.
Answer:
Second
7. With the help of the Government of India Act, 1935 the ………………. phase of constitutional amendment started in India.
Answer:
second
8. According to ……………….. the real provincial Swaraj of 1935 in relation to administration was given to the governors.
Answer:
Dr Rajendra Prasad
9. The 2nd World War started in ………………….. .
Answer:
1939
10. Muslim leaders …………………. and ………………… propagated the division of India into two separate nations.
Answer:
Mohammad Iqbal, Choudhary Rehmat Ali
2.
11. The resolution to demand Pakistan was passed during the …………………. session which met in March, 1940.
Answer:
Muslim League
12. After the conference held at Lahore in March 1940, the formation of ……………….. became the main objective of the Muslim League.
Answer:
Pakistan
13. Gandhiji selected ………………. as an Individual Satyagrahi.
Answer:
Vinoba Bhave
14. Vinoba Bhave started his Individual Satyagraha by giving ……………….. speeches.
Answer:
anti-war
15. Gandhiji ordered the people of India to follow the principle of ‘ …………………. ’ and to continue the non-violent struggle against the British.
Answer:
Do or Die
16. The historical resolution of ‘ ……………… ’ was passed on 8th August, 1942, during the meeting of the Indian National Congress at Mumbai.
Answer:
Quit India
17. ……………….. became the Prime Minister of England after 2nd World War.
Answer:
Atlee
18. British Prime Minister Atlee made an announcement of giving India ………………… .
Answer:
Purna Swaraj (Complete freedom / Independence)
19. In 1946 a ……………. -member commission of the British Council of Ministers came to India.
Answer:
20. The plan put forth by the 3-member commission of the British Council of Ministers is known as the ‘ ……………… ’
Answer:
three
21. ……………… was the Prime Minister of the interim government.
Answer:
Cabinet Mission Plan
22. British Prime Minister Atlee announced that the British Government would leave India by June ………………… .
Answer:
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
State whether the following statements are true or false:
1. Gandhiji started the Dandi March on 31st March, 1930.
Answer:
False
2. Due to the absence of the Congress, the First Round Table Conference that met in London was unsuccessful.
Answer:
True
3. Elections were held in the country, according to the Government of India Act of 1940.
Answer:
False
4. After March 1940, the Muslim League made the formation of Pakistan their main goal.
Answer:
True
5. During the 2nd World War, Gandhiji started Group Satyagrahas.
Answer:
False
6. Gandhiji selected Kasturba Gandhi for the first Individual Satyagrah.
Answer:
False
7. After the 2nd World War, Gandhiji warned the British to leave India immediately.
Answer:
True
8. There was a proposal to divide all the provinces of India into three parts in the Cabinet Mission Plan.
Answer:
True
9. Due to the attitude taken up by the Muslim League communal harmony was maintained in the country during the time of the interim government.
Answer:
False
10. The Muslim League observed ‘Direct Action Day’ on 16th August, 1946.
Answer:
True
Match the pairs correctly:
| Section. ‘A’ | Section, ‘B’ |
| (1) Dandi March | (1) Vinoba Bhave |
| (2) Individual. Satyagrahi | (2) Winston Churchill |
| (3) England’s Prime Minister after World War II | (3) Jawaharial Nehru |
| (4) Prime Minister of the Interim Government | (4) Mahatma Gandhi |
| (5) Clement Atlee |
Answer:
(1 – 4), (2 – 1), (3 – 5), (4 – 3).
Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:
Question 1.
What rights did the Indian National Congress that met in Ahmedabad authorize Gandhiji with?
Answer:
The Indian National Congress that met in Ahmedabad authorized Gandhiji with all the rights to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement in order to attain Swaraj (freedom).
Question 2.
Why was Gandhiji ready to undertake a march to break the salt law?
OR
Why did Gandhiji march to Dandi?
OR
Give reason : Gandhiji marched to Dandi.
Answer:
The British government had made salt a taxable commodity. Moreover, they monopolized the production and trade of salt. Mahatma Gandhi and other nationalists felt that it was unjust to put a tax on salt as it is the most essential component of our daily diet. So Gandhiji announced that he would carry out a march to break the salt law.
Question 3.
Who started the Dandi march ? From where and when was it started?
Answer:
On 12th March, 1930 Gandhiji, along with 78 companions, had started the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad. This historic march became famous as the ‘Dandi March’.
Question 4.
Why did the British government convene Round Table Conferences?
OR
Give reason: The British government convened Round Table Conferences.
Answer:
The British government convened Round Table Conferences in London to discuss constitutional changes required for India.
Question 5.
Why was the First Round Table Conference unsuccessful ?
Answer:
The First Round Table Conference organized in London was boycotted by Indian National Congress as there was no representative from the Indian National Congress at the First Round Table Conference. So, the First Round Table Conference was unsuccessful.
Question 6.
Why did various Congress committees resign in 1939 ?
OR
Give reason: Various Congress committees resigned in 1939.
Answer:
When the 2nd World War broke out in 1939 the British government declared that India would be a part of it without first consulting the Federal Legislature. The heads of various committees resigned in protest.
Question 7.
Who were the first to propagate the theory of Pakistan ?
Answer:
Mohammad Iqbal and Choudhary Rehmat Ali were the Muslim leaders who propagated that Hindus and Muslims should form two separate nations India and Pakistan.
Question 8.
When and whert was the resolution to demand Pakistan passed?
Answer:
The resolution to demand Pakistan was passed m the Muslim League session held at Lahore in March, 1940.
Question 9.
When did the Muslim League make the formation of Pakistan its main objective?
Answer:
The resolution to demand Pakistan was passed in the Muslim League session held at Lahore in March, 1940. Thereafter, the formation of Pakistan became the main objective of the Muslim League.
Question 10.
Why did Gandhiji start Individual Satyagraha?
OJ?
Give reason : Gandhiji started Individual Satyagraha.
Answer:
During World War II, Gandhiji started Individual Satyagraha instead of Mass Satyagraha as he was not willing to put the British government into an embarrassing situation during wartime.
Question 11.
Whom did Gandhiji select as the first individual Satyagrahi ?
Answer:
Gandhiji selected Vinoba Bhave as the first individual Satyagrahi.
Question 12.
How did Vinoba Bhave start his individual Satyagraha ?
Answer:
Vinoba Bhave started his individual Satyagraha by giving an anti-war speech.
Question 13.
What did Gandhiji ask the British to do in 1942 ?
Answer:
In 1942 Gandhiji warned the British that they should leave India immediately.
Question 14.
What did Gandhiji ask the people of India to do in 1942?
Answer:
Gandhiji asked the people of India to follow the principle of ‘Do or Die’ and to continue the struggle against the British in a non-violent ffiattfieb
Question 15.
When and where was the historical resolution of ‘Quit India’ passed?
Answer:
The historical resolution of ‘Quit India’ was passed on 8th August, 1942, during the Mumbai session of the Indian National Congress.
Question 16.
When and why did the British Prime Minister Atlee send the Cabinet Mission to India?
Answer:
The Prime Minister of Britain, Mr Clement Atlee sent a Cabinet Mission in 1946 to India that aimed to discuss and plan for the transfer of power from the British to Indian leadership thereby conferring India with complete independence (Purna Swaraj).
Question 17.
What announcement did the British Prime Minister Atlee make on 20th February, 1947 ?
Answer:
On 20th February, 1947, the British Prime Minister announced that powers would be transferred to India latest by June 1948.
Question 18.
What was the effect of British Prime Minister Atlee’s announcement of leaving India on the people and national leaders of India?
Answer:
The enthusiasm of Indian leaders and common people knew no bounds. Gandhiji welcomed this decision of the British by saying that it was their best decision.
Answer the following questions in brief:
Question 1.
When and why did the Muslim League declare the ‘Direct Action Day’ ? What was its result ?
Answer:
The Congress secured majority in the elections that followed and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the Prime Minister of the interim government that was formed during this time at the centre. The weak response to their demands irritated the Muslim League and they declared 16th August, 1946 as ‘Direct Action Day’. As a result, communal tension prevailed in the country and many parts witnessed communal riots too.