GSEB Solutions Class 9 Social Science Chapter 20 Disaster Management

Gujarat Board GSEB Textbook Solutions Class 9 Social Science Chapter 20 Disaster Management Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions, Notes Pdf.

Disaster Management Class 9 GSEB Solutions Social Science Chapter 20

Gujarat Board Class 9 Social Science Disaster Management Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions as directed.

Question 1.
What should be done during flood?
Answer:

1. Flood is a natural event and is the result of continuous heavy rainfall. Following points should be kept in mind if such situation arises.
2. Collect your precious and personal requirements and take refuge at a safer place.
3. Put water, dry breakfast, candles, lanterns, matchbox in a plastic box so that they do not get wet.
4. Do not move out without collecting authentic information about the routes and situation before moving to a safer place.
5. Do not keep the children hungry.
6. Do not eat food prepared in floodwater.
7. After the flood recedes, drink only boiled water.
8. Radio, mobile phones should be kept with you invariably.
9. Be aware of snakes, keep a bamboo stick to drive them away.

Go through these Social Science Chapter 20 Disaster Management GSEB Class 9 Notes to score well in your exam.

Question 2.
Give a brief account of Tsunami.
Answer:

1. The destructive and powerful sea waves are called Tsunami.
2. Tsunami are generated at the sea bottom due to earthquake having a rating of 7 of more on Richter scale or by a volcanic eruption with the sea or by a large scale landslide on ocean floors.
3. These waves travel very fast in circular pattern from the place of their origin.
4. In deep-sea, these waves are not seen distinctly due to their shorter wave heights but when they approach coasts and shallow sea, they turn into devastating form.
5. More than 2 lakh people became victim of highly destructive Tsunami occurred in Indian Ocean on 26th December 2004.
6. With modem equipment, a forecast and a nearly exact time of the striking of a tsunami can be predicted. In future more deaths can be prevented with due precautions.
7. With Tsunami warning move to a safer place away from sea coast, keep a radio handy and act according to the instructions received from the authorities, construction of new buildings and societies should be carried out considering the tsunami impact.
8. Mangrove reduces the overall impact of tsunami, so attempts should be made to expand their span.

Question 3.
What should be done at the time of gas leakage?
Answer:

1. During rescue operations, persons who are not associated with the work should not gather around.
2. Do not enter the affected area till the area under gas leakage is declared totally safe by the authorities.
3. Do not join the rescue operation without proper training in rescue operations and necessary equipment.

Question 4.
Discuss the remedies to remain safe from viral diseases.
Answer:

1. Take the anti-disease vaccines.
2. People should be acquainted with the reasons, results and safety about diseases through propaganda and transformations.
3. Arrange for a special separate ward for patients treatment.
4. An important step to be safe from viral diseases is to be vigilant about infection.
5. Take steps as per the guidelines and instructions issued by Word Health Organisation an international institution to curb the viral disease.

2. Answer the following questions in detail.

Question 1.
Describe in detail the effects of disaster on human life.
Answer:
Disasters affect almost everybody but its maximum ill effects are felt by the poor and underprivileged people. The effect of disaster can be grouped into four categories.
Effects on Relief:

1. Loss of fertile agricultural land due to floods.
2. There is heavy damage or a total loss of movable and immovable property.
3. Infrastructural facilities like roads, railways, bridges, electricity, gas, telecommunication facilities etc. are heavily damaged.

Effects on Economy:

1. Due to shortage of capital the completion of project is delayed.
2. A problem of unemployment emerges till the industrial units are reactivated.
3. Economy of disaster-affected area becomes weaker.
4. A huge capital has to be created for rehabilitation work after a disaster. It affects the routine development work.

Social Effects:

1. Social festivals and public celebrations become uninteresting compared to earlier time.
2. Social organizations become weaker due to the changes in social networks.
3. Migration of fleeing away by people affects the social structure of the area affected by disaster.

Effects on Human Life:

1. Many people die due to a disaster one become permanently handicapped.
2. Those who have lost their relatives are in intense trauma. It is difficult to bring them out of the trauma.
3. Situation of many orphan children and elderly people becomes very awkward when their support is lost.
4. Their rehabilitation needs very intense efforts.
5. People have to face many difficulties in life for a longer period.

Question 2.
Describe the process of rehabilitation after a disaster. Write notes.
Answer:

1. At the time of disaster, first comes the rescue operation, followed by compensation or relief and lastly the rehabilitation.
2. Rehabilitation work after a disaster is a very challenging one. It can be fulfilled only through proper planning, implemented step by step.
3. Rehabilitation work has to be carried out according to disaster.
4. Many buildings have to constructed after an earthquake, flood or a cyclone.
5. New employment has to be created after droughts.
6. Provision of farm implements has to be made in agriculture field.
7. After viral epidemics programmes of mass education and public awareness have to be arranged for safely in future.
8. Since infrastructures facilities are damaged. So they have to be formed again.
9. It is difficult to rehabilitate a family where these is one or two survivors.
10. Witnesses of the destruction should be provided with the treatment of psychiatrist in time.
11. Training and employment are necessary to those survivors who become handicapped permanently.

Question 3.
Select a proper option and write the answer:

Question 1.
Which of the following is a man-induced disaster?
A. Earthquake
B. Cyclone
C. Flood
D. Riot
Answer:
D. Riot

Question 2.
With what even do people associate floods?
A. River
B. Ocean
C. Mountain
D. Island
Answer:
A. River

Question 3.
After the flood recedes, which filtered water would you use to drink?
A. Twice filtered
B. Running current
C. Clean Cooking
D. Boiled
Answer:
D. Boiled

Question 4.
The Stormy winds created due to atmospheric disturbances in USA ……………
A. Typhoon
B. Hurricane
C. Willey-Willey
D. Tornedo
Answer:
D. Tornedo

Question 5.
Meaning of Tsunami in Japanese language …………….
A. Tidal waves
B. Whirlpool
C. Destructive waves
D. Earthquake Waves
Answer:
C. Destructive waves

Question 6.
The gas leaked during Bhopal Gas Tragedy…
A. Ozone
B. MIC
C. Sulphur Dioxide
D. Mithane
Answer:
B. MIC

Gujarat Board Class 9 Social Science Disaster Management Additional Important Questions and Answers

A. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Define and explain disaster and disaster management.
Answer:

1. A sudden accident or a natural event that causes great damage or loss of life is called disaster.
2. Disaster management refers to a range of activities designed to mitigate the effects of disasters and to provide a framework to help people at risk.
3. The organization and management of resources and responsibilities to deal with emergencies so as to secure and safeguard the humans is called disaster management.
4. To deal with emergencies disaster management focuses on preparedness, response, recovery and prevention in a order to reduce the impact of disasters.

Explanation:

1. A disaster may be natural or man-induced, catastrophic or diastrophic may have originated in the interior of the earth or in atmosphere.
2. Some disasters like volcanic eruption, earthquake, tsunami, etc. occur due to the result of natural cases.
3. Irrespective of its form or origin its effect can be seen over a large area of the earth, causes devastation and takes lives of several people.
4. At times some disasters are pre-planned to cause devastation and destruction. For example, atomic attack by US bombers on Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities of Japan during the Second World War, terrorist attacks, riots, etc.
5. On the other hand some disasters occur due to human negligence or mistakes. For example, Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Chernobyl Atomic Disaster of Russia, etc.

Question 2.
State and explain the types of disasters.
Answer:
Experts of disaster management have divided the disasters into two categories. They are:
1. Natural disasters: A disaster that takes place naturally i.e., due to forces of nature is called a natural disaster. For example, Flood, cyclone, tsunami, drought, earthquake, volcano, forest fire, etc.

• Out of these, experts are able to forecast disasters of floods, cyclones, tsunami and drought.
• On the other hand, still it is not possible to forecast disasters such earthquake, volcanic eruption and forest fire.

2. Man-induced disasters: A disaster caused due to negligence, mistake or at times intention of humans is called a man-induced or man-made disaster. For example, Fire, industrial accidents, bomb explosion, riots, terrorist attacks, etc. are man-induced disasters.

Question 3.
What is flood? Explain.
Answer:

1. An overflow of large amounts of water beyond its normal limits which causes several problems is called flood. It is a natural disaster.
2. During floods a large area of land remains submerged underwater continuously for several days.
3. Floods is associated with heavy rainfall and overflowing of rivers.
4. When rainfall occurs very heavily it overflows the rivers. The water in the streets get closed and the extra water added to rivers starts overflowing outside it.
5. As a result the nearby areas get submerged underwater.
6. Floods become dangerous when some construction activities are carried out ignoring, drainage pattern, slope of the land, etc.
7. Floods damage lives and property on a large scale.

Question 4.
What should we avoid during floods?
Answer:

1. One should not eat food prepared in floodwater.
2. One should not move out of a safe place without collecting authentic information about safe routes and situations.

Question 5.
Write a detailed note on cyclone.
Answer:

1. A violent storm or wind in which air moves very fast in an inward circular direction is called a cyclone.
2. These severs atmospheric storms are created due to unequal atmospheric pressure which then leads to atmospheric disturbances.
3. These storms are known as Cyclone in Indian sub-continent, Hurricane and Tornado in USA and typhoons in China and Japan.
4. Such storms or cyclones create devastation over the area over which they pass.
5. In India cyclones mainly affect the eastern coastal areas i.e., falling near Bay of Bengal. So cyclones affect Kachchh and Saurashtra too.

Things that should be done during cyclone:

1. Keep updated continuously with news bulletins on TV and Radio to know the expected time of the on-coming storms.
2. Those who have a radio should keep extra batteries with them.
3. Mobile phone should be kept fully charged in advance. Those who have a power bank instrument should charge it in advance and keep with themselves.
4. Carefully listen instructions, warnings, etc. broadcasted over radio and follow them.
5. People should stay away from rumors.
6. Store additional food, dry snacks and drinking water in sufficient quantity.
7. Keep stock of food and medicines necessary for children and elderly.
8. In the rescue team tells people to vacate their homes, they should obey them strictly and vacate the homes.
9. Use pure and safe drinking water.
10. People who have taken shelter in a shelter home created by the government or any NGO should obey the framed rales and instructions.
11. They should co-operate with the authorities and should not leave the premises without their instructions.
12. People should not keep domesticated animals tied up to their posts. If they are free, they can defend themselves in a better way.

Things that should not be done during cyclone:

1. Do not pay attention to gossips or rumors, except for the instructions issued by weather department on Radio.
2. In case if the atmosphere suddenly calms down, rain stops and wind becomes standstill, even then do not go in open area as the wind or rainfall may suddenly strike again.
3. Move out only if the government declares it safe.
4. Do not touch electric poles or loose wires. Keep a safe distance from them.
5. Do not take shelter near bigger hoardings or large trees.

Question 6.
What is an earthquake? Explain.
Answer:

1. A sudden violent shaking of the ground that causes great destruction and which occurs due to the result of movements within the earth’s crust or volcanic action is called earthquake.
2. Earthquake is felt due to tectonic movements in the interior of the earth.
3. Earthquake mostly takes place in areas whose surface have weak relief features.
4. Although experts are able to identify earthquake-prone regions but they are still unable to forecast an earthquake. Since earthquakes cannot be forecasted they cause huge damage and destruction.

Question 7.
What should be done in case of earthquake?
Answer:

1. During an earthquake, we should stay under a large bench or a table. If we are in a school we should sit under a bench.
2. If we are in an open space, we should stay away from buildings, balcony, electric power lines and electric poles.
3. If we are driving a vehicle, then we should stop it over or below a bridge, away from electric poles, power lines and traffic signals.
4. We should remain seated in our vehicle till the earthquake tremors are not over.
5. Even after the earthquake tremors are over, things like refrigerator, photographs on the wall, ceiling fans, etc. may fall down later due to aftershocks. Hence, maintain safe distance from them.
6. Keep listening to radio for instructions and guidance about the event.
7. New buildings under construction should be made earthquake-proof.

Question 8.
What should not be done during an earthquake?
Answer:

1. We should not shout or ran in panic.
2. We should not try stopping things falling down after the earthquake tremors. Trying to stop them while they are falling can panic.
3. We should not use elevators.
4. If we are in a house, we should not stand near wooden cabinets (cupboard), safes, mirrors or a glass chandelier.
5. We should not light a match stick or a lighter. We should also not switch on electric gadgets before thoroughly confirming that the cooking gas is not leaking.
6. This is done to prevent leaking gas from exploding.
7. We should not unnecessarily keep on making phone calls. Excessive calling by a large number of people together can overload the telephone network and hence jam it.
8. As a result, important calls of rescuing people, taking care of emergencies, etc cannot be made.
9. So, one should make phone calls only in case of emergency medical help or fire or similar situation.

Question 9.
State the main reason that cause generation of huge tsunami waves.
Answer:
Tsunami occurs mainly due to following reasons:

1. Huge sea waves are produced at the bottom of the sea due to earthquakes having a rating of 7 or more on Richter Scale.
2. By a volcanic eruption within sea.
3. By a large scale landslide on ocean floors.

Question 10.
What should and should not be done when tsunami strikes?
Answer:
Following things should be done when tsunami strikes:

1. One should immediately more to a safer place away from sea coast on hearing a tsunami warning.
2. One should keep a radio and mobile phone and act according to the instructions received from the authorities.
3. Construction of new buildings and societies should be carried out considering the tsunami impact.
4. Mangroves reduces the overall impact of tsunami. Hence, attempts should be made to expand mangroves.

Following things should not be done when tsunami strikes:

1. One should not take shelter in tall buildings because these buildings may collapse due to destructive waves.
2. One should not go near the sea when tsunami settles until the authorities declare it safe to visit.

Question 11.
Write a brief note on drought.
Answer:

1. A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall which then leads to acute shortage of water is known as drought.
2. Drought occurs in regions of monsoon climate where the rainfall is irregular and is very scanty.
3. Drought causes a lot of harm and destruction and also leads to long term effects.
4. It leads to scarcity of water and food which form the basic necessity for the existence of living organisms.
5. Since majority of the agriculture of India still depends on rainwater, effects of drought become devastating.
6. Acute shortage of water leads to heavy damage to agriculture and natural vegetation.
7. In olden times several people used to die due to lack of water and food.
8. However, in modem times with the use of quick communication, transportation and efficient management of resources people and livestock are largely saved.

Question 12.
What should be done during droughts? What should not be done?
Answer:
Following things should be done during drought:

1. Drip irrigation in agriculture should be encouraged more to save water.
2. Government should properly estimate and plan the need of food and water. It should then start rationing the food and provide water as per the requirement.
3. Arrangement should be made for fair price distribution of food grain and relief work.
4. On-going construction activity should be stopped except for the inevitable work to save water.

Following things should not be done during drought:

1. Large scale parties and celebration should not be done. This would save wastage of food and water.
2. Traders or shopkeepers should not hoard/ black-market food grains of fodder.

Question 13.
What is forest fire? How does it spread?
Answer:
An uncontrolled fire occurring in the forest is called a forest fire. Forest fire occurs in forests and creates devastation.

It spreads due to :

1. Except a forest fire caused due to lightening all other reasons for this event are man-induced.
2. Throwing of burnt butts of cigarettes and bidis, or match sticks, leaving burning things like campfire, aggarbattis, dhoop, etc, by tourists, pilgrims or shepherds, etc. are major man-induced reasons for forest fire.
3. Since dry leaves fallen from trees and twigs catches fire faster there are more chances of a forest fire during a dry season after autumn.
4. After autumn the dry leaves fall and catch fire instantly even with a tiny spark. The spark then may bum the forest.
5. Moreover, the winds are also dry and contain very less humidity. Dry winds and dry leaves together work as a fuel which spreads forest fire to a very large area.
6. Besides some trees ooze out oily and inflammable substances naturally. When the comes in contact with such substances it spreads even faster.
7. Once the forest fire starts, it spreads in the direction of wind at a velocity of about 15 km per hour.
8. Once a forest fire starts and quick and efficient attempts are not made to extinguish it, then it can stop only under two cases. They are:
   • The forest fire is extinguished completely by itself and
   • Heavy rain may pour and extinguish it.
9. Along with forest fire, smoke and sparks also rise with the air currents. These carry a great risk of sparking fire in nearby settlements.

Question 14.
What should be done and not be done in case of forest fire?
Answer:
Following things should be done during forest fire:

1. People should act as per the instructions of forest department.
2. Government should arrange special patrolling in forests during dry seasons to prevent and check occurrences of forest fire.
3. Employees of forest department should be deployed for extinguishing forest fire.

Following things should not be done during forest fire:

1. While passing through a forest one should not throw burning bidis, cigarettes or other inflammable things.
2. People living a settlements near the forest fire area should not ignore the instructions from forest department.
3. Moreover, they should inform the department if they come to know about any smoke or firre instances they witness.

Question 15.
Write a brief note on industrial accidents.
Answer:

1. Industrial accidents are man-induced disasters.
2. Inspite of several precautions and safety measures, industrial areas, townships, mills and factories are highly prone to accidents and disasters.
3. Such accidents result in deaths of people, livestock and damage to property.
4. Moreover, smoke and gases or chemicals released during such accidents harm the environment to.
5. In most of the cases human mistakes form the base of industrial accidents.
6. Although people take various precautions, safety measures to manage the machine and production processes, collection, transfer and distribution of the raw material and finished goods, still accidents cannot be prevented fully.

Question 16.
Give a brief idea about the Bhopal Gas Tragedy.
Answer:

1. Bhopal Gas Tragedy took place in Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh on 3rd December 1984.
2. The tragedy took, place in the Factory of Union Carbide India Limited as Bhopal. It used to produce insecticide.
3. On the early morning of the day of accident while insecticide was produced a poisonous gas called methyl isocyanate (MIC) which was stored in large tanks started leaking.
4. This leakage lasted for about 40 minutes.
5. The gas spread rapidly over the densely populated areas of Bhopal.
6. According to official figures, about 2500 people died and thousands or residents in Bhopal were affected.
7. Besides people, the gas also killed thousands of birds and animals.
8. It polluted drinking water, reservoirs and even land.
9. It also very badly affected unborn babies still in embryo, newborn babies and pregnant women.
10. About 10,000 people became permanently handicapped and 1.5 lakh people got partially handicapped. The effects of the leakage of gas lasted of several years.

Question 17.
What do you mean by viral diseases? How do viral epidemics affect mankind?
Answer:
When a large number of people over much wider area become victims of an infectious disease it is called epidemic. Certain types of vims can cause epidemics.

Viral diseases affect mankind:

1. People loss their lives due to viral diseases.
2. Compared to general diseases, viral diseases spread faster and in a wider area.
3. Till date thousands have been victim of diseases like dengue, Ebola, Swine flu, Influenza, etc.
4. People get highly terrified on the spread of these diseases owing to innumerable deaths associates with such diseases.
5. For example, in earlier times, lakhs of people had become victims of plague.
6. With advanced cure methods, newly invented anti-viral serums and other medicines the world is now able to control such deadly diseases at a large extent.
7. For example, during the plague epidemic of Surat in September, 1994 and recent epidemic of swine flu and dengue many agencies took preventive steps and saved lives and several people.
8. However, the sad fact is that new vimses keep on affecting mankind and many a times they cannot be controlled with the existing medicines. This leads to mass deaths.

Question 18.
Explain terrorist, terrorism and their acts.
Answer:

1. A person who involves in terrorizing people by involving in activities such as bombing mass killing and hence spreading fear in general public is called a terrorist.
2. The immoral destructive act performed by such people or a group is called terrorism.
3. In recent times, terrorist activities have increased many folds.
4. In reality, terrorism does not care for any religion, race, community or region. It is the enemy of whole mankind in general.
5. Terrorists involve in destroying properties, creating an atmosphere of fear and hence get their demands fulfilled, genocide, kidnapping, hijacking, mass killing, bombing etc.
6. Terrorism has spread in almost entire world. No country is safe from terrorism.

Question 19.
State the details about 9/11.
Answer:

1. On 9th September 2001 (famously known as 9/11), a series of suicidal attacks were made in USA by a terrorist organization.
2. About 19 terrorists hijacked four passenger jet planes. Out of these the terrorists dashed two planes with each of the Twin Towers of New York City.
3. Within minutes both the towers came to ground. All the passengers of the plane and many others who used to work in these towers died.
4. Also many people were injured because their houses collapsed due to fall of these towers.
5. The third plane dashed in Pentagon which is the headquarters of U.S. Army and the fourth dashed in farm in Pennsylvania. No one survived from these planes.
6. This terrorist attack victimised about 3000 people and injured more than 6000.

Question 20.
Give an account of major terrorist attacks that took place in India.
Answer:
(A) Terrorist attack on the Parliament:

1. On 13th December 2001, five terrorists from a terrorist organization attacked Indian Parliament building, Delhi.
2. The objective of the terrorists was to kill important politicians and hence dissolve the Parliament.
3. The terrorists took the complex under their control and fired several rounds of bullets.
4. Indian Army took quick actions. The soldiers risked their lives and failed the plan of the terrorists.
5. About 8 security guards became martyrs and 16 were wounded.

(B) Mumbai Bomb Blast:

1. On the night of 26 November 2008 a series of bomb blasts and firing took place near well-known hotels and some important places in Mumbai at a specific interval.
2. About 137 persons were injured.
3. The terrorists kept several persons as hostages in some well-known hotels of Mumbai. The terrorists were loaded with modem and hi-tech weapons.
4. To take charge of the situation, the Central Government sent 200 NSG (National Security Guards) Commandos, 50 military commandos and 5 battalions.
5. After two days of long and tiring struggle, all the terrorists were killed.

Question 21.
What should one do in case if there is a doubt of terrorist activity?
Answer:
One should do the following in case of doubt of terrorist activity:

1. Immediately inform the police if behaviour of a person seems doubtful.
2. Do not touch any unclaimed object such as purse, bag, tiffin, etc. in public places, such as shopping malls, cinemas, gardens, religious places, etc.
3. Cooperate in security check arranged for safety reasons at any place.
4. If you rent your house, you should provide the details of your tenant at the nearest police station. This is required under legal provisions.
5. Public places should be well equipped with CCTV Cameras.
6. While traveling in a bus or train, if you find that someone has left his luggage then do not attempt to open it or possess it.
7. Immediately inform the concerned authority to take charge of the matter.
8. If you have some neighbors whose behavior is very suspicious and awkward like not involving with anyone, have very unfriendly odd-looking visitors all the time, works late night on computer which generally the society finds very unusual then inform the police about him.
9. This is to cross-check if everything is fine and confirm that the person is not involved in any anti-social activity.
10. Inform police about unclaimed vehicles in your area.

Question 22.
What should one not do to avoid any anti-social or terrorist activity?
Answer:

1. Do not accept goods or parcels from an unknown person.
2. Do not rent your house to an unknown person without through inquiry about him.
3. Also keep a copy of his important documents like permanent residential proof and photograph.
4. Do not sell your home, mobile phone of a vehicle to any unknown person. After selling take care of all important document work.

Question 23.
Give a brief idea about riots.
Answer:

1. When the peace of a region or an area is disturbed by violent activities of the crowd it is called riot. Riot is quite common across the world.
2. If we closely examine the general characteristics of any riot, we can find that most of the persons involved in riot are unaware of the actual purpose or root cause of the riot.
3. Such people are present just to make a large crowd to spread havoc.
4. Such crowd gathers without any common purpose or interest and just to disturb the peace of society.
5. Such riots upset the administrative set-up and law and order.
6. At times such riots take a political turn and turn into a revolt, or gets transformed into a communal riot. It then risks the social well-being and harmony.
7. Innocent citizens suffer due to such riots, daily wage earners face huge problems as they cannot go to work.
8. Riots damage property and also at times causes deaths and injury.
9. National integrity and unity comes at risk due to riots.

Question 24.
What should one do and avoid during riots?
Answer:
One should do the following during riots:

1. Prevent talks that can spread rumors and violence.
2. Form a peace committee in your residential area and be actively involved.
3. Perform your civil duties by helping those affected by the riot.

One should not do the following during riots:

1. Do not spread rumors.
2. Do not violet the instruction or curfew declared by the authority for maintaining law and order.
3. Do not believe and spread baseless talks appearing in social media.

Question 25.
Write a short note on traffic problems.
Answer:

1. When there is an extreme congestion of vehicles on the roads and the traffic moves at very slow speed it is called traffic jam.
2. Traffic jam is a very common phenomenon occurring quite frequently in all the big cities of the world.
3. Traffic almost halts during peak hours i. e., office opening or closing hours.
4. People stuck in their vehicles and even pedestrians face mental stress.
5. Sometimes the jam gets settled whereas many a times it takes lot of time, effort and co-operation to control the traffic and bring it to normal mode.
6. The vehicular smoke and horns cause air and noise pollution.
7. A high level of pollution affects the growth of vegetation of that region.
8. Urbanization is the root cause of traffic jams.
9. Vehicles remain stuck in large queues.
10. At times health of patients in ambulance stuck in the queue becomes critical. They even die and cause severe accidents and sometimes death.
11. On the other hand traffic jam is lesser on highways. Still several accidents take place due to over speeding, overloading vehicles, etc.
12. Traffic jam results in wastage of time, fuel and efficiency.

Question 26.
What should be done to avoid traffic problems?
Answer:
Following steps should be taken to avoid traffic jam:

1. Townships should be developed in suburban areas of large cities and connected with cities by public transport system.
2. Footpaths for pedestrians and separate tracks for cyclists should be made.
3. Encroachments should be removed from roads.
4. Vehicles that move very slowly or those pulled by hands or animals should not be allowed to move during peak hours.
5. Public should be made aware about the traffic rules through advertisements, hoardings and awareness programs.
6. People going to same job or business should share their vehicles rather than using individual vehicles.
7. People having cars can accommodate 4-5 people in one car using this sharing system i.e., carpool system.
8. Digging road building and repairing work on the road should be completed as fast as possible.
9. People should adopt practice of taking out marriage or other processions during lean hours rather than peak hours of traffic.
10. During time of jam, one should maintain vehicle in one lane and not jump lanes.
11. Infrastructure such as express highways, over bridge, flyovers, ring road and by pass roads should be developed.
12. Every working or school/college going person should compulsorily use public transport atleast once a week.
13. Safety measures such as wearing helmets and putting on seat belts should be strictly followed.
14. People who drink and drive or who do not have licence while driving or who drive recklessly and violate traffic rules should be heavily penalised.

Question 27.
What should not be done in traffic?
Answer:
Following should not be done in traffic:

1. Do not violate traffic rules.
2. Very old vehicles should be banned.
3. Goods transportation through heavy vehicles should be allowed only during early morning or night hours.
4. Traffic signboards or symbols should not be damaged or covered with stickers, posters, etc.
5. Vehicles should not be modified as modified vehicles may cause more noise or air pollution.
6. Cells phones should not be used while driving.
7. One should not drive without wearing a helmet or seat belt.
8. Do not talk on mobile or listen music using earphones while crossing railway crossing.
9. Do not fight or argue with people deployed for controlling traffic. Co-operate with them and follow traffic rules.

II. Complete the following statements.

Question 1.
Rivers get flooded because ………………..
Answer:
Rivers get flooded because heavy rain in upper course or by bursting of dam or by melting or snow of the snowfield.

Question 2.
Cyclones occur because …………………
Answer:
Cyclones occur because unequal atmospheric pressure when high pressure develops on the sea or on ocean a cyclonic conditions develops.

Question 3.
Earthquakes occur because …………………
Answer:
Earthquakes occur because tectonic movements in the interior of the earth, the weaker area of the surface of earth shakes powerfully.

Question 4.
A Tsunami occurs because ……………….
Answer:
A Tsunami occurs because volcanic eruption underwater, earthquake on the ocean floor, powerful waves of a large size, and extraordinary wavelength that destroyed resulted coastal regions.

Question 5.
Horrible accidents occur on highways because ……………….
Answer:
Horrible accidents occur on highways because there is a very heavy burden of vehicles on the highway and the speed of the vehicles is also uncontrolled.

III. Fill in the blanks.

1. The phenomena of flood is associate’s with ……………..
2. A storm in Japan is known as ………………
3. Meaning of the word ‘Tsunami’ in Japanese language is ………………..
4. The fire which takes place in forests is called as ………………..
5. In Union Carbide factory, the poisonous gas ………………. was used to produce insecticides.
Answer:
1. river
2. Tornado
3. waves
4. Forest Fire
5. MIC

IV. State whether the following statements are true or false: (1 mark each)

1. Flood is a natural phenomenon.
2. Tsunami is a man-induced phenomenon.
3. An earthquake can be predicted correctly.
4. Forest fire in the forests takes place during rainy season.
5. The number of patients of viral diseases increases faster than the patients
of general diseases.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. False.
4. False
5. True

V. Match the following.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Natural disaster	(a) Tornado
2. Man-induced disaster	(b) 26 November, 2008
3. Storm in USA	(c) Volcano
4. Tsunami in Indian Ocean	(d) 26 December, 2004
5. Terrorist attack in Mumbai	(e) Bomb blast

Answer:
1. (c)
2. (e)
3. (a)
4. (d)
5. (b)

VI. Choose the correct option.

Question 1.
What loss is caused due to heavy traffic?
A. Time and Vehicle
B. Vehicle and Time
C. Time and Fuel
D. Fuel and Road
Answer:
C. Time and Fuel

Question 2.
In which city of Pakistan die terrorists make a large attack in December 2014?
A. Islamabad
B. Karachi
C. Peshawar
D. Lahore
Answer:
C. Peshawar

Question 3.
The stormy winds created due to atmospheric disturbances in India called ________
A. Cyclon
B. Typhoon
C. Tomedo
D. Hurricane
Answer:
A. Cyclon

Question 4.
Bhopal Gas Tragedy took place in the company __________
A. HCL
B. Union Carbide
C. P&G
D. IOC
Answer:
B. Union Carbide

Question 5.
It is connected with water and food which are very much needed for the living organisms. It is
A. Flood
B. Man-made disasters
C. Drought
D. Cyclone
Answer:
C. Drought