Gujarat BoardĀ GSEB Solutions Class 10 English Second Language Supplementary Chapter 4 Friendship: A Rainbow Forever Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
GSEB Class 10 English Textbook Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 Friendship: A Rainbow Forever (Second Language)
GSEB Class 10 English Chapter 4 Friendship: A Rainbow Forever Text Book Questions and Answers
Read the passage and answer the questions.
(1) Growing up with a father in the Railways means moving often. This school in Bharuch was my fifth school. I was always considered as a new girl. Once or twice I managed to make friends. But before we could know each other, I had to move to a different school, again as a ānew girlā. One day, in August 1967, I stood in the doorway of my newest classroom. As always my stomach ached with some unknown fear. I shivered and tried to hold back my tears.
Thirty-five boys and girls stared at me. I tried hard to keep my eyes on the floor to avoid strange looks. Then I saw a girl smiling like warm sunshine at me. She actually seemed to welcome me. When the teacher told me to sit next to Manisha, my frozen terror began to melt. āHi, Iām Manisha.ā Her voice had warm ring, her face was long, her eyes were dark and soft and hair long and brownish. [Page 15]
Questions :
(1) Why was the narrator always considered as a ānew girlā ?
(2) Why could the narrator not make friends ?
(3 ) Describe the narratorās condition when she stood in the doorway of the classroom.
(4) What did the narrator do to avoid strange looks ?
(5) When did the narratorās frozen terror begin to melt ?
(6) What made the narrator think that the girl was welcoming her ?
(7) What does the narrator say about Manisha ?
Answers :
(1) The narrator was always considered a ānew girlā because her father worked in the railways and before she could make friends, she had to move to a new school again.
(2) The narrator could not make friends because before she could know them, she had to move to a new school, again as a ānew girlā.
(3) As the narrator stood in the doorway of the new classroom, her stomach ached with some unknown fear, she shivered and tried to hold back her tears.
(4) The narrator tried hard to keep her eyes on the floor to avoid strange looks.
(5) The narratorās frozen terror began to melt when the teacher asked her to sit next to Manisha.
(6) The girl was smiling like warm sunshine and this made the narrator think that she was welcoming her.
(7) The narrator says that Manishaās smile was like warm sunshine, her voice had a warm ring, her face was long, her eyes were dark and soft and her hair was long and brownish.
(2) Both of us would always move together out on the silent railway tracks, or in the garden behind the school. We explored the forest in the vacation, did camping on Mount Abu, and participated in Navratri festivals. She was tall and slim. I was short and plump. She was good at Maths, I liked reading novels. She was a good athlete and dragged me into some games. We talked and sang and quarrelled and wept and yet sat together on one bench.
Three years flew by the miracle years filled with fun, growth, discovery and intense feelings. Manishaās father got a promotion and they had to move to Assam.As promised, Manisha and I wrote occasional letters. Long distance phone calls were out of question in those days. Her last letter came when I was in T.Y. BSc. She had fallen in love with a doctor. She married him and had just given birth to a beautiful baby girl. [Page 16]
Questions :
(1) Where did the friends go together in the city ?
(2) What did they do during the vacation ?
(3) What does the narrator say about Manisha ?
(4) What does the narrator say about herself ?
(5) What does the narrator say about their friendship ?
(6) What does the narrator call the three years of their friendship ?
(7) Why does the narrator call the three years āmiracle yearsā?
(8 ) Where did Manish go ? Why ?
(9) What did the friends promise each other ?
(10) What did Manisha write in her letter?
Answers :
(1) The friends moved out together on the railway tracks or in the garden behind the school.
(2) During the vacation, they explored the forest or did camping on Mount Abu.
(3) The narrator says that Manisha was tall and slim, good at Maths and a good athlete.
(4) The narrator says that she was short and plum and liked reading novels.
(5) The narrator says that they talked, sang,quarrelled, wept and yet sat together on one bench.
(6) The narrator calls the three years of their friendship as āmiracle yearsā.
(7) The narrator calls the three years āmiracle yearsā because they were filled with fun, growth, discovery and intense feelings.
(8) Manisha went to Assam because her father got a promotion.
(9) The friends promised to write letters to each other.
(10) Manisha wrote in her letter that she fallen in love with a doctor, married him and had given birth to a beautiful baby girl.
Vocabulary Recognition
Select the word having the nearest meaning.
Question 1.
manage
A. deal for
B. look at
C. look into
D. deal with
Answer:
A. deal for
Question 2.
ache
A. trouble
B. pain
C. relief
D. irritation
Answer:
B. pain
Question 3.
shiver
A. shout
B. run
C. tremble
D. laugh
Answer:
C. tremble
Question 4.
avoid
A. keep away from
B. keep into
C. keep for
D. keep with
Answer:
A. keep away from
Question 5.
terror
A. error
B. fear
C. fondness
D. trembling
Answer:
B. fear
Question 6.
praise
A. admonish
B. shout
C. criticize
D. admire
Answer:
D. admire
Question 7.
Quarrel
A. fight
B. peace
C. argument
D. beating
Answer:
A. fight
Question 8.
growth
A. suppress
B. express
C. progress
D. depress
Answer:
C. progress
Question 9.
sort
A. reserve
B. join
C. connect
D. separate
Answer:
D. separate
Question 10.
plead
A. argue
B. order
C. beg
D. command
Answer:
C. beg
Friendship: A Rainbow Forever Summary in Gujarati
ąŖ°ą«ąŖ²ąŖµą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖæąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµą«ąŖ. ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ®ą« ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖąŖ®ą«ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ āąŖØąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖąŖ ąŖą« ąŖ¬ą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«. ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖąŖ¬ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ³ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ą« āąŖØąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ą«ā ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖØąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ.ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾-ąŖŖąŖæąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖØą«ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą«ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾-ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¶ą«ąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«.
1967ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖąŖøą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖµąŖø ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖØąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖąŖąŖ”ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ¶ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¹ąŖąŖ®ą«ąŖ¶ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ® ąŖąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖ”ąŖ°ąŖ„ą« ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ§ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖøą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖÆąŖ¤ą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖø ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾-ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ. ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖØąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖÆ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖøąŖąŖ¤ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖÆąŖ¤ą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą«. ąŖŖąŖą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖ« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖ«ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¶ ąŖą«ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖ«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖ. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ° ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµą« ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą«. ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ¶ąŖæąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖą« ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖ¬ą«ąŖøąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ„ą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖÆą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖÆ ąŖŖą«ąŖąŖ³ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖÆą«.
ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ.” ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖ°ąŖ£ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖ³ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¦ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ³ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¬ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾. ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖµąŖø ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖ„ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¬ąŖ° ąŖŖąŖ”ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¦ąŖÆ 24 ąŖą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ (ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§) ąŖøą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¦ąŖ¦ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¹ą«ąŖØąŖŖąŖ£ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖąŖÆ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¤ą«, āąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ° ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«.ā ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖµąŖøą« ąŖąŖ ąŖµąŖ£ąŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖąŖØ ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ. ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¬ąŖ° ąŖŖąŖ”ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ® ąŖøąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖØą«ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ.
ąŖ ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¬ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ¹ąŖąŖ®ą«ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ²ąŖµą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ³ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ. ąŖ ąŖ®ą« ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖ¶ąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖąŖ²ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¬ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖØąŖµąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖæ ąŖ®ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖøąŖµąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ³ąŖ¾ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ·ą«ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ·ą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ£ąŖæąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¶ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«, ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖØąŖµąŖ²ąŖąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ.
ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ”ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą« ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖą« ąŖąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ ąŖ®ą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖąŖąŖ”ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ°ąŖ”ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖ¬ą«ąŖøąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ. ąŖąŖØąŖąŖ¦, ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖø, ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ§ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµą«ąŖ° ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ£ą«ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖŖą«ąŖ° ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖą«ąŖ¤ ąŖµąŖ°ąŖø ąŖµąŖ¹ą« ąŖąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ. ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖæąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą« (ąŖØą«ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¢ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ®ąŖ³ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ.
ąŖµąŖąŖØ ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ¬ ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖøąŖąŖą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ ąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖ²ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ. ąŖ ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¬ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖæąŖ«ą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¶ą«ąŖØ ąŖ ąŖØąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ B.Sc.(ąŖµąŖæąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖ°ąŖø)ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ²ą«. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖ”ą«ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖąŖ¦ąŖ° ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖØą«ąŖ® ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖÆą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«.
ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖ¤ ąŖ ąŖµąŖ³ąŖ¤ą« ąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ²ąŖą«ąŖÆą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖąŖ¶ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ° ąŖ®ąŖ³ą«ąŖÆą« ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖæ. ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° (ąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«) ąŖ²ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾. ąŖą«ąŖµąŖą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą« āąŖøąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖą«.’ ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖæąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖąŖµąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ. ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖæąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ„ąŖ¤ą«! 19 ąŖµąŖ°ąŖøą« ąŖ²ąŖą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµą«ąŖ! ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ¬ ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖą«ąŖ¤ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¶ą«.
ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« M.Sc.(ąŖµąŖæąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØ ąŖ
ąŖØą«ąŖøą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ)ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ§ąŖæ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ³ąŖµą«. ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ²ąŖą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ. ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¹ąŖµą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ¬ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ£ą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖą«ąŖÆą«ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ® ąŖøąŖą« ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą« ąŖ¬ąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖ¬ąŖ° ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖ², 2005ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ§ą«ąŖ®ąŖ§ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖµąŖøą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖæąŖ«ą«ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖąŖ”ą« ąŖ°ąŖ£ąŖą« ąŖąŖ ą«. āąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą«?ā āąŖ¹ąŖ¾ā āąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖą«?ā
ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ā āąŖŖąŖØą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ ā
ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¾ ąŖą«?ā
ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖą«ąŖ£ ąŖą«?ā
ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ”ą«ąŖą«
āąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾.ā
ąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖµą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖµ ąŖąŖŖąŖ¶ą«?
ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖæąŖąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą«. ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖąŖąŖ¾ ąŖ¶ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ³ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖą«ąŖ³ąŖą«ąŖ³ ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ°ą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ąŖµą«ąŖ¶ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ®ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą«, āąŖąŖ¹, ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆ ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«?ā
ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«?
ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖø ąŖµąŖ°ąŖø ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ®ą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ£ą« ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¢ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖæąŖ”ąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ³ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ„ąŖŖą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ āąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«’ ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ£ą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« 1975ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ£ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖæąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ (ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖøą«) ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¬ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ«ą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą«. ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ, ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖ¶ąŖ¾ ąŖØ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ£ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ«ą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą«. ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖÆ ąŖµąŖæąŖØąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖą«ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖµ ąŖµąŖæąŖ¦ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖ®ąŖąŖ”ąŖ³ąŖØą« ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ¶ąŖæąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ«ą«ąŖØ ąŖØąŖąŖ¬ąŖ° ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖÆą«.
ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖøą«ąŖąŖ¦ ąŖąŖµąŖ¶ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖąŖ¦? ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖąŖ® ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«?
ąŖ ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖ¶ąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¤ ąŖąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ£ą« ąŖ„ą«ąŖ”ąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖµąŖø ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ£ąŖąŖ¦ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾. ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖØą« ąŖąŖµą« ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ·ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ® ąŖąŖ²ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«. ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖąŖ®ą«ąŖ¶ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ® ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¢ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖą«, 24 ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ (ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§) ąŖøą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖØąŖ„ą« !
ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ² ąŖ ąŖ®ą« ąŖ«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖą«ąŖ; ąŖ¹ąŖąŖ®ą«ąŖ¶ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ® ąŖøąŖą«ąŖ.
ąŖąŖµąŖæąŖ¤ąŖ¾
ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖą«.
ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¶ą«ąŖą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖŖąŖ”ą«;
ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ„ą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ³ ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ° ąŖŖąŖ”ą«
ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖØ ąŖ„ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«
ąŖąŖąŖą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ąŖą«.
ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖ¶
ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ
ąŖąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖ
ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖµąŖ¾.
ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ«ąŖą«ąŖ¤ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«,
ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ.
ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖ«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖ®ąŖ³ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ”ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ¶.
ąŖ¶ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ³ą«, ąŖµąŖøąŖąŖ¤, ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖØąŖąŖ° ąŖąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ.
ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«.
ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖ¶.
ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖą«.
ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖŖąŖ°ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¶ ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖÆ
ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖ³ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖÆ
ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖŖąŖµąŖØ ąŖ«ą«ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą«,
(ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«) ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖØ ąŖ®ąŖą«ąŖąŖ® ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖą«
ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖą«.
ąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖ¤ ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖ¤ą«
ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ³ą«ąŖ¶.
ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖ¶.
ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖą«.
ąŖąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°
ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ¶ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖą«.
ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¦ąŖÆąŖ„ą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¦ąŖÆąŖØą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖµą« ąŖąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖØ ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖą«. ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ„ą« ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖąŖØ ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖąŖąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖøąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖØąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖŖ ąŖą«.
ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą«ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ¹ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ¹ą«ąŖ, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖµą« ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ ąŖ¬ąŖØą« ąŖą«. ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØ ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖ°ąŖ³ (ąŖąŖæąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖą«ąŖ¤) ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖØąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖ„ą«ąŖ”ąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖøąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ· ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ¶ą« ąŖąŖŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖØąŖąŖ¤ ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«. ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖØąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¶ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖ¬ąŖąŖ§ ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖ°ąŖø ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¶ą«.
ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¦ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¹ą« ąŖ„ą«ąŖ”ąŖ¾ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą« ąŖą«. ąŖąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ® ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖØąŖæąŖąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą«ąŖµąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖøą«ąŖąŖ¦ąŖ° ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖąŖą« ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ§ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¦ąŖÆ ąŖ®ąŖ§ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ® ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ£ą«ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ²ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¶ą«.
ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°
- ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖØąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ° ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖ¦ąŖąŖ, ąŖ¤ą« ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ? ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ¶ ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ, ąŖ ąŖØą« (ąŖ¤ą« ąŖŖąŖ£) ąŖøą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ® ąŖ ąŖąŖ¶-ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖą«ąŖØą«ąŖ”ąŖ° ąŖŖą«ąŖŖ
- ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¬ąŖØą« (ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ®) ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾- ąŖ„ą«ąŖ®ąŖø ąŖ¬ą«ąŖą«ąŖ
- ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¶ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖąŖæąŖąŖ¦ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖØ ąŖ¶ąŖą«-ąŖÆą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖŖąŖæąŖ”ąŖæąŖø
- ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖµą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖøą«ąŖą« ąŖą«. ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖąŖøą«ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ° ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖą«.-ąŖąŖ®ąŖæąŖ²ąŖæ ąŖ”ąŖæąŖąŖæąŖØąŖøąŖØ
ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ ąŖą«.
Word Meanings:
Phrases
